1. The principle of light emission of incandescent lamps: As we all know, incandescent lamps are an important invention of Edison. This important invention enables humans to bid farewell to the darkness and usher in a bright future. However, an incandescent light consumes too much electricity. It is less than one-tenth of the energy that becomes light energy, and other heat energy is wasted in vain. So people are thinking about ways to replace incandescent lamps with new ones. Energy-saving lamps came into being. Because it is cheaper and better to produce, it has been used in a large number of applications and has gradually replaced incandescent lamps.
2. The principle of energy-saving lamps: The two poles of energy-saving lamps are ordinary tungsten filaments. After the tungsten wire is heated up, it can emit electrons. By applying a relatively high voltage to both sides of the lamp to form an electric field, these electrons are accelerated in the lamp, forming a stream of electrons with a certain speed and energy. The lamp is evacuated and filled with mercury, which is what we call mercury. When the lamp is energized and heated, these mercury vaporizes from the liquid state and becomes gaseous. Free mercury atoms are formed. The electrons in the electron flow hit the mercury atom at a certain speed, causing the mercury atom to be excited and become the excited ion. This is called a step. The mercury in the excited state spontaneously falls back to its original state within a very short time. At the same time, ultraviolet light is released and ultraviolet light cannot be used for illumination. So we coated some fluorescent material on the inner wall of the lamp. Under the bombardment of ultraviolet light, the fluorescent material can emit more natural light and can be used for our lighting. The more common energy-saving lamps on the market are ordinary general-purpose lamps and tri-color lamps, which are increasingly mainstream, and have the advantage of saving electricity compared to incandescent bulbs. The difference is that the color rendering of the ordinary lamp is low, and the three-color lamp shows a natural sunlight color, and is superior to the ordinary lamp in terms of color rendering and light efficiency. From the above we can know that mercury plays an intermediary role in energy-saving lamps, and no mercury energy-saving lamp will not emit light. The mercury in each lamp is very small.
According to the investigation, a large-diameter tube-shaped fluorescent tube with a diameter of 36 mm contains 25-45 mg of mercury, and a small-diameter tube with a diameter of 26 mm has a mercury content of 20 mg and a tube diameter of 10 mm. The compact fluorescent lamp contains 10 mg of mercury. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature and is an easily flowing silver-white liquid metal. Mercury exists as a gas discharge medium in a fluorescent tube, which not only improves the light efficiency of the lamp, but also enriches the type of the light source. So current energy-saving lamp light sources contain mercury. Since the boiling point of mercury is very low, it can evaporate at room temperature. After the broken fluorescent tube breaks down, it immediately emits mercury vapor to the surroundings. The instantaneous concentration of mercury in the surrounding air can reach 10 to 20 mg per cubic meter. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 0.01 milligrams per cubic meter. It can also flow with the air. Once the mercury entering the body exceeds a certain threshold, it will destroy the human central nervous system, causing great harm to the body. Mercury is difficult to remove after it enters the body.
In fact, mercury-containing lighting lamps generally have little pollution during use. The main cause of pollution is that electric light sources are discarded after being scrapped, and mercury is diffused into the air as a result of cracking, which harms human health and pollutes the environment. Because recovery is difficult and the value of recycling is too low, plus it has many other ills, the only solution is to eliminate it.
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