The contribution of electronic technology to medicine is obvious to all. Who can imagine the current situation of doctors who do not rely on medical electronic equipment for medical treatment? Using electronic technology to extend or save human life has greatly increased the sense of mission of electronic engineers; at the same time, it is also the manufacturers' greatest concern that they can use the medical industry to inject more added value into increasingly weak electronic products.
Due to the direct or indirect impact on human safety, countries have set classifications for medical device products. The global common standards developed by the Global Coordination Working Group classify medical devices into the following A, B, C, and D levels:
Class A refers to products with very low harm to the human body when failure occurs, such as X-ray films, scalpels, tweezers and other small stainless steel appliances, surgical non-woven gauze, medical absorbent cotton, operating tables, surgical lighting equipment, Special instruments for stomatology, operating microscopes, home emergency bandages, etc .;
Class B refers to products with lower hazards, such as blood analyzers, X-ray diagnostic equipment, medical CT machines, ultrasound diagnostic equipment, magnetic resonance imaging equipment (MRI), electronic thermometers, electronic sphygmomanometers, electronic stethoscopes, electromagnetic blood flow meters , Heart rate monitor, electrocardiograph, electroencephalograph, electromyography machine, spirometer, electronic spirometer, oximeter, endoscope, capsule endoscope, blood cell counter, oxygen generator, infrared therapy device, low frequency medical treatment Equipment, microwave therapy equipment, ultrasonic therapy equipment, household electronic massagers, hearing aids, etc .;
C is a product with higher risk, such as continuous blood glucose tester, dialyzer, artificial heart-lung blood pump, artificial respirator, implanted hearing aid, cardiac defibrillator, external cardiac pacemaker, infusion pump, blood glucose for self-test Instrument etc.
D refers to high-risk products such as implantable cardiac pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, implantable syringes, and implantable auxiliary artificial heart systems.
Among these four levels, B, C, and D all need to involve electronic technology, and it is obvious that products with higher risk levels have higher requirements on electronic technology. Correspondingly, continuous updates of breakthrough electronic technology have driven these several Application innovation in the field.
Medical imaging with higher accuracy and smaller volume
The application of biomedical optoelectronics combined with optical, electronic, and biomedical technologies in Class B medical-grade equipment is very extensive. The scope covers optical therapy, medical imaging, and biosensing. The main application areas include early diagnosis and monitoring of clinical medical lesions. Or treatment of diseases related to light guidance and excitation. It is estimated that sales of related products in 2010 are expected to reach 59.8 billion US dollars, accounting for 22% of global medical equipment.
From the specific products, from X-ray, nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI), positron tomography (PET), CT, ultrasound, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, physiological signal monitoring, in vitro diagnosis and even biochips, are included in biomedical optoelectronics In the category. The first few types of imaging technologies for these applications are the areas with the largest market share in the overall medical technology market. They are also relatively mature and fiercely competitive. Because of the large market demand gap, not only well-known international manufacturers and local manufacturers are very competitive, but also Many manufacturers are still trying to enter the field.
Increasing resolution and decreasing device size are two major trends in the medical imaging field. New system-level requirements mean that analog semiconductor manufacturers must develop breakthrough basic ICs. Active semiconductor manufacturers continue to introduce their own Products such as TI ’s AFE58XX analog front-end series for ultrasound imaging applications, ADI ’s ADAS1128 for CT applications, Xilinx and Altera FPGAs for high-resolution image processing and high-performance data analysis, and Austrian Microelectronics ’applications for DR and CT applications High-precision amplifiers and sensors.
In addition to the use of photoelectric imaging technology, the innovative swallowable endoscope (also known as capsule endoscope) breaks through the inherent shortcomings of traditional endoscopes, and can effectively transfer the image inside the human body to the outside. The latest capsule endoscope technology places the sensor and circuit in the middle of the capsule. When the patient swallows, the capsule will rotate 360 ​​° in the body, and the circuit contains LEDs for illumination, which can effectively return the image in the body. External device. However, the technology is still in its infancy, and future popularity will require improvements in both cost and performance.
Science fiction-like legendary implant technology
Consumer electronics is what makes MEMS applications hot, but medical electronics and diagnostic equipment provide a larger stage for MEMS applications. More and more application ideas perfectly combine MEMS technology and medicine to benefit humanity. For example, STMicroelectronics designed a contact lens with a wireless MEMS sensor for Sensimed AG in Switzerland. It uses an embedded micro strain gauge to continuously monitor the curvature of the eye for a period of time (usually 24 hours). In addition, the contact lens also Built-in antenna, micro special processing circuit and radio frequency transmitter to send measurement data to the receiver.
In the application of biochemical medicine, MEMS has also achieved actual growth. In clinical medicine, sensors and intelligent control technologies are used to treat tuberculosis and heart disease, and to achieve heart stimulation and dredge. Innovative applications include Proteus Biomedical's revolutionary application-implantable electrodes, which can stimulate different cavity positions in the heart to synchronize or resynchronize heartbeat therapy. The core technology lies in the use of chip-level packaging technology. The millimeter-scale MEMS sensor and processor packaging system are used inside the human body, and it can be maintained for many years, avoiding the traditional need to use more insertion catheter to stimulate Scheme of different positions of the heart.
Implant technology is as legendary as science fiction and belongs to high-risk class C and D devices. The current implant product category is mostly for the treatment of heart disease, and the future will focus on the brain, such as the use of electronic nerve stimulation devices to treat diseases from drug addiction to epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and depression. In fact, at present, about one-third of the world's health problems are related to the neurological field. Medtronic, a large heart rate regulator company, has developed devices for the treatment of minor diseases such as Parkinson's, and is developing a series of nerve implant products.
Relying on the advancement of electronic technology, there are continuous examples of innovation in the field of medical electronics around the world. In the future, medicine and electronics will be more closely combined to create more powerful and innovative medical equipment.
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