Many friends who come into contact with robots or microcontrollers are often confused by a wide variety of microcontrollers. What is the difference between them? Which microcontroller is better for making robots? When we choose a microcontroller, what shortcuts can quickly master and apply this type of microcontroller? This paper attempts to interpret the above problems in an easy-to-understand way, and designs an example of a deep-ended single-chip control robot, hoping to play a role in attracting jade. I share with you some of my experience with MCUs, hoping to make beginners less confused and open up the already-introduced friends.
At the time of writing this article, I only have 3 years of experience in SCM, and I have a better understanding of 51 series and AVR series MCUs. Therefore, I have focused on AVR MCUs. I have limited experience and mistakes are inevitable. I hope my friends will criticize me!
The difference and connection between a single chip microcomputer and CPU and personal computer
This part of the content is relatively basic, but many of my friends may not be very clear about the following issues when they first contact the microcontroller.
1 What is a CPU?
The CPU Chinese name is “Central Processing Unitâ€, and the typical representative is Intel 8086 processor. Now the Pentium X processor is the direct descendant of 8086. The processor, as its name suggests, functions to process data. For a central processor, a processor that is at the heart of data processing, it sounds complicated, but in reality the core is an ALU "arithmetic logic unit." This unit consists of a number of digital gates that can only perform operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, operations such as AND, OR, NAND, XOR, and operations such as shifting, comparing, and transmitting. The CPU internally contains the ALU. In addition to this, the CPU has a clock circuit. The basic principle of the CPU operation is that the clock circuit generates a counting pulse. This pulse controls an accumulator, that is, each time a clock pulse is generated, the accumulator is incremented by one. The value is singularly singularly through the address bus to a memory location in the program memory (outside the CPU). This unit sends the internally stored program command code to the ALU via the data bus. The ALU executes differently depending on the code. Operation, such as adding a register value and a value, and then outputting the result to the IO port or each bus.
In short, the job of the CPU is to translate the command code in the program into different tasks, then execute and output the execution result. The CPU plays a central role in all digital computers, that is, the computer has a CPU.
2 What is a personal computer?
Since the CPU only has the calculation function, the calculation result needs to be output through the display and the speaker, and the basis of its work, that is, the program command relies on the hard disk storage, and the data dynamically accessed during the execution of the task is saved in the memory, and the person can pass The execution of the keyboard control program commands, which combines the peripherals of all these CPUs, is called a "personal computer."
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