The world is now entering the era of drones, and the application of drones has exploded. With the vigorous development of "low, slow and small" aircraft represented by unmanned aerial vehicles, the threats and risks they bring are gradually revealed. In 2017, vicious unmanned flying incidents occurred in many domestic airports, and multiple unmanned aerial vehicles invaded the airport clearance protection area, and incidents that hindered the safety of flight operations have seriously affected the safety of air transportation and public safety.
In addition, the "low, slow, and small" targets represented by light, ultralight unmanned aircraft, model airplanes, and delta wings are low in cost, easy to obtain, and easy to operate, and they are easily used by terrorists. On August 4, 2018, in the celebration of the 81st anniversary of the establishment of the Venezuelan National Guard in Caracas, a drone attack on President Maduro occurred, causing 7 National Guard personnel to be injured.
At present, governments around the world lack effective supervision methods for the civilian drone industry and users, causing civilian drones to illegally invade airports, prisons, military sensitive departments, large-scale events, and citizens' private homes. Civilian drones can carry cameras, weapons, toxic chemicals, and explosives, which can be used to secretly take pictures of citizens’ personal privacy, espionage, smuggling, and even violent terrorist attacks, seriously infringing on citizens’ individual legal rights and even posing a major threat to national security .
Lingkong's anti-UAV security system is aimed at the urgent need for the systematization and normalization of UAV prevention and control in airport area protection, as well as the urgent aviation safety caused by the increasing phenomenon of "black flying" and "random flying" of civilian UAVs. The demand solves the problems of difficulty in overall layout coordination control, difficulty in discovery and identification, and difficulty in handling and combating in the complex scenarios of the current UAV countermeasure system. The system can realize comprehensive identification and safe and reliable interception of UAV targets in a large range, long distance, and multiple targets. It is able to conduct all-weather, multi-means automatic monitoring of the UAV flight situation in the system arming area, real-time reporting and accurate positioning and tracking of suspected targets, and adopts a multi-means comprehensive interception method to avoid the secondary effects caused by UAV interception. Second damages, to achieve safe interception. It can meet the anti-UAV security needs in scenarios such as national defense, border defense, prisons, airports, and large-scale events.
Anti-UAV security network architecture
Security network prevention and control response plan
1. The anti-UAV single node discovers an intruding UAV, intercepts the UAV target, and reports it to the Anti-UAV Security Command Center.
2. The anti-UAV security command center judges the nature of the event based on the type of intrusion event and the number of intrusion events reported by each security node at the same time, and reports the event to the public security organs.
3. The public security agency initiated an emergency response and arrested illegal drone operators.
Anti-UAV security network prevention and control process
Anti-unmanned security deployment global network example
Anti-UAV Global Deployment Plan
1. Set up an anti-drone security command center
The Anti-UAV Security Command Center can conduct all-weather, uninterrupted, and global command of the UAV security situation on a global scale. According to illegal UAV intrusion incidents, generate UAV security situation, regulate the anti UAV security force in the global scope, quickly respond to UAV intrusion incidents, deal with it immediately, and report incidents to the public security organs to assist the public security organs Conduct investigations and arrests of related incidents.
2. Arming node settings
â‘´Government, court, public security bureau and other government agencies
⑵ Important nodes in the flow of materials such as railway stations, bus stations, and airports
⑶ Security and anti-terrorism key areas such as oil fields, gas stations, and oil storage facilities
â‘·Densely crowded areas such as stadiums and squares
⑸Other areas with anti-UAV security needs
3. Flexible node deployment options
Lingkong's anti-UAV security system can flexibly select product configurations according to the environmental scenarios and defense requirements of a single defense node, and achieve the characteristics of high security reliability, strong scenario adaptability, and low environmental impact.
Anti-UAV system workflow
Main application areas: anti-terrorism, security field
Anti-UAV System Product Components
Early warning radar subsystem: the first generation of active radar (LSR-100)
The first-generation active radar (LSR-100) antenna scanning adopts a one-dimensional mechanical scanning method (azimuth). It has the characteristics of beam agility, multi-target tracking, low power consumption, low cost, and no harm to the human body.
The main function:
1. Search tracking function
Large range search for small air targets
Multi-target tracking and photoelectric guidance
2. Provide target information: target number, distance, height, azimuth, speed (radial, east/north)
3. The target in the radar monitoring screen can be displayed superimposed with the electronic map
4. Communication and interconnection with the command center and other subsystems
5. With self-test function
Technical index:
â– Range of action:
Micro drone: 2km
Small drone: 4km
Medium-sized drone: 6km
â– Minimum detectable target radial velocity: 2m/s
■Azimuth coverage: 360° optional
Early warning radar subsystem: second-generation active radar (LSR-200)
The second-generation active radar (LSR-200) provides target information such as range, altitude, azimuth, speed (radial, east/north), and generates radar images, selects Ku band and uses linear frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) to work System, antenna scanning adopts one-dimensional electric scanning method (azimuth). Under the same antenna aperture conditions, Ku-band antennas have the advantages of high resolution, low ground clutter energy, anti-multipath effect, small size and light weight, etc., and are suitable for the detection of low-altitude small targets such as small UAVs.
The main function:
1. Ku-band work, using a frequency continuous wave phased array system with one transmitter, receiver, and transmitter/receiver.
2. Long range, large airspace coverage, high resolution
3. Support multi-system networking to build a low-altitude safety protection net
4. With high-precision angle measurement, Doppler velocity measurement, linear frequency modulation continuous wave ranging, multi-target detection and stable tracking capabilities
Technical index:
■Azimuth coverage: 90°
■Pitch coverage: 17°
â– Detection distance:
Micro UAV (RCS is 0.01㎡): 2km;
Small drone (RCS is 0.1㎡): 3km
Medium-sized UAV (RCS is 1㎡): 6km;
■Tracking angle accuracy≤2.5°
■Distance accuracy≤5
â– Minimum detectable target speed: 2m/s
■Multi-target tracking number ≥32
Early warning radar subsystem: third-generation active radar (LSR-300)
The third-generation active radar (LSR-300) type key defense radar uses microwave detection, which is not affected by bad weather. It can detect and track low, small, and slow targets at long distances and large airspace near important areas, and can obtain higher Accurate target information, so it is mainly used in the monitoring and management system of the site, used as the detection and tracking sensor of the monitoring target, to provide accurate target information for the monitoring management system, so as to provide the anti-UAV system for the classification and identification of targets, interception and disposal, etc. Warning guidance information.
The main function:
1. Radar search and tracking function:
Low-altitude, slow-moving, small targets, large-area search
Multi-target tracking and photoelectric guidance
2. It can be monitored on borders, important political/economic centers, nuclear power plants, etc.
3. Low power consumption, all solid-state design, high reliability, high cost performance;
4. All-weather real-time detection and continuous tracking of multiple targets at the same time
5. Support the use of radar to track target information and guide photoelectric imaging to confirm and identify targets.
6. Active phased array system, long range
7. It can provide altitude information and is a three-coordinate radar
8. Using high-efficiency, high-speed programmable signal/data processing, function expansion is simple and easy.
Technical index:
■Weight: ≤45kg;
â– Working frequency band: X band, bandwidth 400MHz
â– Radar system: active phased array, PD processing, three-coordinate (3D) radar
â– Detection distance:
Small UAV (RCS≥0.1㎡): 8km
Micro UAV (RCS≥0.01㎡): 4.5km
■Detection range: 360°circular scan or fan scan can be controlled;
Passive radar
Passive radar mainly uses the reflection of the target's existing non-cooperative radiation source in space or the electromagnetic signal radiated by the target itself to detect the existence of the target, obtain target information, and give target parameters. Compared with active detection, which needs to transmit its own signal, passive radar does not need to transmit its own signal. It is suitable for deployment scenarios with high demand for concealment.
The main function
1. Passive detection, positioning and identification of targets such as low, small and slow drones;
2. Use a combination of time domain, space domain, and frequency domain measurement and analysis to find and locate targets;
3. Analyze and identify the target, give target information, and be able to warn of threat signals.
Technical index
â– Frequency coverage: Known targets existing in the range of 80MHz~5.8GH
â– Dynamic range: single tone dynamic>50dB
â– Pulse width measurement range: 1us~2ms
â– Maximum processing bandwidth: 40MHz
â– Frequency measurement accuracy is better than 1MHz rms
Optical search, identification and tracking subsystem
The photoelectric search, identification and tracking subsystem is mainly composed of an image acquisition unit and an image processing unit, and the image acquisition unit is composed of a visible light camera, an infrared camera, a pan/tilt, a night vision controller, and a data transmission line. The image acquisition unit mainly includes an infrared night vision device, through which images are collected and sent to the image processing unit. The image processing unit is mainly a PC, and the image processing algorithm is run on the PC to realize target detection and classification recognition.
The main function:
1. The system can search, identify and track "low, slow and small" targets such as micro drones
2. With visible light and infrared systems
3. Communication interconnection and collaborative work with the early warning radar subsystem
4. Control the servo turntable
5. Detect, identify and track drones
6. Estimate the position and altitude of the drone
7. Output the coordinates and other information of the drone
Technical index:
â– Lens: 38X optical zoom, automatic iris function f=8.5~323mm, F1.8~F6.1
â– Intelligent noise reduction: support 3D noise reduction
â– Image format: H.264 video decoding, 1080 full HD, dual stream
â– Recognition distance: 1km, the diameter of the drone is not less than 50cm
â– Focusing system: automatic/manual, unique fast focusing technology at night
Directional electronic jamming subsystem
The directional electronic jamming subsystem is a radio electronic countermeasure system developed to effectively deal with "low, slow and small" unmanned aerial vehicles. It can interfere with the satellite navigation system (GPS) and wireless remote control used by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and then cut off the "umbilical cord" connection between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the background controller, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The main function:
1. Conduct directional electronic jamming and countermeasures against "low, slow, and small" targets such as micro drones
2. Interfere with the satellite navigation system (GPS)
3. Interfere with the UAV remote control telemetry link system
4. Communicate with the command center and receive commands from the command center
Technical index:
â– Working frequency:
0.8GHz～0.95GHz
1.15～1.6GHz
2.4～2.5GHz
5.7～5.85GHz
â– Effective radiation power: 50dbm
â– Interference signal type: white noise, single frequency, sweep frequency, pulse, etc.
â– Interference distance: 2km
Handheld electronic interference
Hand-held electronic jamming can interfere with the UAV's image transmission signal, digital transmission signal, remote control signal, and GPS signal, thereby forcing the UAV to land or return to the take-off point, thereby achieving intrusion interception. It has the characteristics of convenient carrying and low cost.
The main function:
1. It can carry out directional electronic jamming and countermeasures against "low, slow and small" targets such as micro drones
2. Interfere with the satellite navigation system (GPS)
3. Interfere with the UAV remote control telemetry link system
4. Portable handheld interference
Technical index:
â– Product size: 800mm x 300mm x 150mm
â– Outer packing size: 930mm x 400mm x 210mm
■. Product bare metal weight: ≤3kg
â– Control distance: 0~1500m
â– Working frequency band: 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz, 1.5GHz
â– Continuous working time: 4h
â– Effective control distance: 0~1500m
â– Interference frequency band: 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz, 1.5GHz
Vehicle anti-drone system
The vehicle-mounted anti-UAV system integrates the above-mentioned radar subsystem, photoelectric search, identification and tracking subsystem, and directional electronic jamming subsystem in a car, which can greatly improve the mobility and flexibility of the anti-UAV system. It has high integration, strong mobility, and rapid on-site deployment.
From a military perspective, flexible and mobile deployment during wartime is an inevitable requirement for adapting to modern information warfare.
From a civilian perspective, the vehicle-mounted UAV countermeasure system can be leased out and applied to large-scale event sites or other scenarios where there is a short-term or single-time demand for counter-UAVs. In this way, users can greatly reduce their security costs while meeting their security needs for anti-UAVs.
The vehicle-mounted anti-UAV system is a vehicle-mounted collection of the above-mentioned subsystems, and its technical indicators are the same as above.
Capture drone system
The capture UAV system is a mobile node of the anti-UAV security system. It is a special UAV that intercepts illegal UAVs and casts a net to capture them. The large-scale UAV is mounted on a flexible capture net to directly capture the target UAV.
Vertical take-off and landing tilt 4-rotor UAV
The vertical take-off and landing tilt 4-rotor UAV can capture relatively large non-cooperative UAV targets. It adopts the fixed-wing attitude of the rotor during take-off and landing, and can switch to the fixed-wing attitude after flying to high altitude.
The main function:
1. Flexible take-off, high flying speed, long voyage, large load
2. Can be used for surveying and mapping, border patrol
3. Capture UAV subsystems that can be used to counter UAV systems
Technical index:
â– Total length of the fuselage: 2.18m
â– Wingspan: 4.3m
â– Maximum take-off weight: 33kg
â– Payload: 5-7kg
â– Cruising speed: 100km/h
â– Flight ceiling: 3000m
â– Sailing time: 90mins
â– Propulsion method: motor
Capture UAV System: Eight-rotor UAV
The main function:
1. The deployment is fast and convenient, and the requirements for the flight field are low
2. Fully autonomous flight control, close to the target UAV, with visual terminal guidance function, intercept illegal UAV, cast a net to capture the target
3. With autonomous route planning and ultrasonic/visual obstacle avoidance functions, it can avoid high-voltage lines and other air obstacles
Technical index:
â– Exhibition product specifications: wheelbase 155cm, height 70cm
â– Folding exhibit specifications: 58*58*60cm
â– Maximum take-off weight: 20kg
â– Cruising speed: 5m/s
â– Maximum level flight speed: 10m/s
â– Life time: 30mins
Defense Node Control Center
The defense node control center mainly includes necessary facilities such as PCs, displays, and operating buttons to ensure that operators complete the reception and processing of real-time video and alarm information and the issuance of commands.
Application case-airport deployment plan
The airport is about 4km long from north to south and 3km wide from east to west
â—The maximum range of active radar detection is 6km, so 4 groups of active radars are required
â—The maximum optical recognition distance of the photoelectric early warning system is 2km, so 6 groups of photoelectric early warning systems are required
â—The directional electronic interference subsystem has a range of 2km, so 6 groups of directional electronic interference subsystems are required
â—The ground station that captures the UAV system will interfere with the communication signal of the airport, so it is not deployed in the area near the airport
Application case-prison deployment plan
Demand background:
The scope of the security field is a rectangular area of ​​430m*400m. The threat of drones comes from two aspects. One is the drone that invades and delivers items or illegal aerial photography at a long distance; the other is the intrusion drone that flies close outside the wall.
demand analysis:
In this case, the area is relatively empty, the security area is small, the security level is high, and there are sentries guarded 24 hours a day. The unit hopes to completely block the UAV outside the fence and needs to quickly intercept UAV targets around the clock.
Optional equipment:
The second-generation active radar and photoelectric early warning system are used to detect high-altitude targets; used to detect incoming targets.
Directional electronic jamming is used to intercept UAV targets.
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