**1. Introduction**
With the continuous improvement of living standards, people's lives have become more convenient and comfortable. As a result, the awareness of home security has significantly increased, covering areas such as electrical safety, gas safety, anti-theft systems, and care for children and the elderly. This growing demand has led to the emergence of smart home systems, which are now becoming an essential part of daily life. These systems integrate computer technology, embedded systems, and communication networks to create a seamless and secure environment by connecting various subsystems like lighting, security, and home appliances. By doing so, they enhance both the comfort and safety of home life.
**2. System Functions**
The system is specifically designed for ordinary home users, allowing them to monitor their homes remotely. It offers three main functions:
(1) **Home Security**: The system detects abnormal conditions such as high indoor temperatures, excessive smoke levels, or unusual activity in specific areas. When these occur, it alerts the user through multiple methods, including text messages, alarm signals, and on-site alerts. Additionally, if someone enters the wrong password three times consecutively, the system sends a notification to the homeowner and triggers an indoor alarm.
(2) **Remote Monitoring**: Temperature, smoke, and human presence sensors provide real-time data that is displayed on an LCD screen. Users can also access this information online via a web server or use a universal remote control to check the status of the room. This enables continuous monitoring from anywhere at any time.
(3) **Access Control**: When guests visit, they can interact with the system through the LCD interface. For example, they can send a message to the homeowner, view the calendar, or access help documents. This makes the process of managing visitors more efficient and user-friendly.
**3. System Design**
The system is built around the mini4020 development board as the main platform, with a 51 microcontroller serving as the auxiliary control unit. Additional hardware components include a motor module for simulating door operations, a GPRS module for sending alarms, an LCD 1602 display, and a universal remote control. Real-time data collection is handled by temperature, smoke, and human presence sensors. Communication between the mini4020 and the microcontroller is facilitated through the ZT-TR43U wireless interface.
**3.1 Hardware Design**
As shown in Figure 1, the system consists of two main parts: the mini4020 main console and the 51 microcontroller-based slave console. Expansion modules include the GPRS module for alarm transmission, the motor module for simulated door control, and sensors for collecting environmental data. The 51 microcontroller is placed indoors to transmit sensor data wirelessly to the main control unit, while the mini4020 is located outdoors at the entrance, processing data in real-time and triggering alarms when necessary.
**3.2 Software Design**
(1) **Main Program**: Upon startup, the system checks peripheral devices, loads drivers, and initializes the operating system. Once everything is set up, the monitoring system runs in the background, continuously reading serial port data. If an abnormal condition is detected, an alarm is triggered. The startup process is illustrated in Figure 2.
(2) **Temperature, Smoke, and Human Presence Alarm**: The process for detecting and responding to temperature, smoke, and human presence is similar, as shown in Figure 3. Sensors collect data and send it to the mini4020 via wireless communication. If an issue is detected, the GPRS module is activated to send an alert.
**3.3 LCD Display Section**
The LCD interface includes two modes: the owner mode and the guest mode. In owner mode, users enter a password, which changes positions randomly for added security. After entering the correct password, the system displays real-time sensor data. Users can also change the password or view sensor values. In guest mode, visitors can press the doorbell button to notify the homeowner or send a text message if no one answers.
**3.4 PC User Interface**
Users can log into their computers at any time to monitor the home environment. They can view live data on temperature, smoke levels, and access control. This feature is demonstrated in Figures 10 and 11, showing the PC interface and temperature monitoring screen.
**4. Conclusion**
The system was first tested on a virtual machine, then programmed onto the development board after debugging. The final product costs around RMB 1,000, making it an affordable and reliable solution. Its integration of GPRS and embedded systems allows users to monitor their homes anytime, anywhere, expanding the concept of safe living. With its stability, versatility, and low cost, the system has broad application potential in residential and small-to-medium business environments.
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Dongguan Zhonghe Electronics Co., Ltd. , https://www.zhonghesleeving.com