Solar thermal power generation is an important project in the utilization of solar energy. As long as the solar energy is collected, the working medium is heated, and the steam turbine generator is driven to generate electricity. In 1950, the former Soviet Union designed the world's first solar tower power station and built a small test device. In the 1970s, solar cells were expensive and inefficient. Relatively speaking, solar thermal power generation was more efficient and the technology was more mature. Therefore, many industrialized countries at that time focused on solar thermal power generation and invested in a number of experimental solar thermal Power station. According to incomplete statistics, from 1981 to 1991, there were more than 20 solar thermal power stations (above 500kw) built around the world, and the power generation capacity was up to 80MW. According to solar energy collection methods, solar thermal power stations mainly have towers and troughs. Three types of discs and discs. These power plants are basically experimental. For example, an IMW tower power station built by Japan in accordance with the Sunshine Plan, an IMW trough power station, was shut down after the test work was completed.
The US 10MW Sun No. 1 tower power station was technically summed up after a period of test operation, and was quickly converted into a solar power station, which was put into operation in January 1996.
In the mid-1980s, after technical summarization of the built solar thermal power station, it was considered that although solar thermal power generation was technically feasible, the investment was too large (US Sun: power station investment was 142 million US dollars), and the cost was reduced. Difficulties, so countries have changed their original plans, making the construction of solar thermal power stations gradually cold. For example, the United States originally planned to build 50,000-100,000 kW and 100,000-300,000 kw solar thermal power stations from 1983 to 1995, and the results were not realized.
Just when people suspected solar thermal power generation, the United States and Israel formed Luz Solar Thermal Power International Co., Ltd., which began research on solar thermal power generation technology since 1980, mainly developing trough solar thermal power generation systems, miraculously five years later. Enter the stage of commercialization. The company built nine trough solar thermal power stations in the California desert from 1985 to 1991 with a total installed capacity of 353.8 MW. The investment in the power station was reduced from $5,976/kW for the power station to $3011/kW for the No. 8 power station, and the power generation cost was reduced from 26.5 cents/kWh to 8.9 cents/kwh. The company is confident that by the year 2000, it will build a 800Mw trough solar thermal power station in California, and the cost of power generation will drop to 5-6 cents/kWh. Regrettably, the plan was interrupted in 1991 due to the bankruptcy of Luz.
The successful practice of the Lusi Thermal Power Station shows that the solar thermal power generation technology cannot be simply negated, but research and development should be continued and improved to make it commercialized at an early date. To this end, Israel, Germany and the United States have cooperated to continue to promote the development of solar thermal power generation. They plan to build two 80MW trough solar thermal power stations and two 100MW solar and gas turbine combined cycle power plants in Nevada, USA. One each of the 135 MW and 18 MW solar thermal power stations was built in Spain and Morocco. The disc type solar thermal power generation system has a small power, generally 5 to 50 kW, and can be separately distributed to generate electricity or a large power generation system. The United States, Australia and other countries have some applications, but the scale is not large.
Research shows that the disk solar thermal power generation system is applied to space. Compared with the photovoltaic power generation system, it has the advantages of low aerodynamic drag, small launch quality and low operating cost. The United States began feasibility study in 1988 and plans to launch it in the near future. test.
In the solar low-temperature power generation plan, Israel built three solar pool power stations on the coast of the Dead Sea. The first power was 150kW, which was put into operation in 1979. Israel had planned to build a series of solar pool power stations around the Dead Sea to provide one-third of Israel's electricity needs. The United States has also planned to convert part of the Salton Sea in southern California into a solar pool and build a 80-60 million kW solar pool power station. Later, both the Israeli and American solar pool power generation plans were changed.
In addition to the above solar thermal power generation methods, a solar-powered thermal power plant was built in Spain in 1983; Israel, the United States and other plans to build a solar magnetic thermal power generation test device; and solar water temperature difference power generation research was also carried out. Solar thermal power generation technology for low power, as well as solar thermal ion power generation and temperature difference power generation, have been used in special applications.
China's solar thermal power generation is limited by funding and technical conditions, and less work is carried out. During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, a solar tower thermal power simulation device with power of lkW and a flat solar thermal simulation device with power of lkW were established. In addition, China has also cooperated with the United States to design and test prototypes of disk solar power plants with a power of 5 kW.
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