China's new energy vehicle key technology "stuck" new and old technical problems coexist
New energy vehicles with high-tech auras have frequently made high-profile appearances at major auto shows. However, in the process of large-scale production, the technical bottlenecks of key components such as batteries and motors have become prominent.
Coexistence of multiple technical routes
Since the fifteenth period, China's new energy vehicles have gradually formed a "three verticals and three horizontals" technology route pattern: "three verticals" are hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles; "three horizontals" are multi-energy power Into a control system, a motor and its control system, and a battery and its management system. Tsinghua University, Tongji University and other domestic new energy vehicle technology research institutions have their respective emphasis on hybrid power, pure electric, hydrogen fuel, alternative fuel, etc., forming a coexisting development trend of multiple technical routes.
According to the national industrial policy trend, Yan Jianlai, director of the Parts Department of the China Automotive Engineering Society, speculates that the technological development of China's new energy vehicles is based on hybrid power as the starting point for new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles as the medium-term goal, and fuel cells as the long-term goal .
Experts introduced that hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles are considered by academics as the most ideal new energy vehicles, but due to the current high cost of hydrogen production technology and the series of fuel cell safety-related issues still to be solved, it can only be Looking at the "foreign" sigh.
In contrast, hybrid vehicles with electric systems and engines can not only meet short-term emissions needs, but also have fewer infrastructure changes. As a transition product from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles, they are popular among some car manufacturers. . New energy vehicle products launched by FAW Toyota Prius, Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse, BYD F 3D M and other products are the products of this concept.
According to experts from the Automotive Research Institute of Tsinghua University, as the State Council promulgated the "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" in early 2009, the new energy vehicle policy strategy has shifted to pure electric vehicles, on the basis of continuing to maintain the "three vertical and three horizontal" pattern. , With emphasis on the last two of the "three horizontals", namely the motor and its control system and the battery and its management system.
This policy change quickly became apparent in the merchant ’s products: In the “three vertical and three horizontal†research and development pattern, Changan Automobile, which focuses on hybrid cars, launched a pure electric vehicle at the end of 2009. SAIC, which has been focusing on hydrogen-fueled vehicles for research and development, is currently busy laying out key components such as batteries and motors, and plans to launch pure electric vehicles in 2012.
It is reported that as of now, there are 24 domestic enterprises and 47 new energy vehicle products listed in China's production enterprises and product announcements, which include electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, etc., the new energy vehicle industrial base mainly based on electric vehicles Bloom everywhere in the country. In the capital market, some batteries, motors and other enterprises in the electric vehicle industry chain have been sought after.
Key technical bottlenecks highlighted
According to reports, although compared with Japan, some European and American countries, China's development of new energy vehicles is not too late, but the new energy technology of domestic auto companies is not advanced. The "stuck" in key technologies makes it difficult for the enthusiasm for the industrialization of domestic new energy vehicles to be converted into actual productivity.
Regarding the development goal of "formulation of a production capacity of 500,000 electric vehicles, and new energy vehicles accounting for 5% of passenger vehicles" in the "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan", quite a few industry insiders are not optimistic.
Miao Wei, deputy minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out at a forum recently that domestic electric vehicles are facing bottlenecks in key core technologies such as batteries, motors, and electronic control systems. He speculates that before 2020, the sales of new energy vehicles will only account for a very small proportion of the entire sales volume, about 10% to 15%.
In an interview with the media, Zhang Xiaoyu, vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation, said that Chinese auto companies currently do not have the corresponding technology to produce hybrid vehicles like Nissan Toyota Lexus. "At present, Honda Motor's weak hybrid vehicles can save 38% energy, while Chinese products can only achieve energy saving levels of 20%. This proves that domestic new energy vehicles still have to tackle problems in terms of electronic control and other technologies."
According to reports, in terms of pure electric vehicles, lead-acid batteries have a short service life, nickel-metal hydride batteries have limited resources and high costs. In recent years, the exploration of lithium battery technology has gradually emerged.
Miao Wei said that no company in China has a diaphragm that accounts for about 30% of the cost of new energy vehicle batteries, which is entirely imported. "The technology and equipment for producing power battery separators are included in the list of restrictions on exports to us by the West. Now we want to buy this equipment, technology, and technology, and no one has sold them to us."
New and old technical problems coexist
Ouyang Minggao, a professor in the Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University, pointed out that the power battery also involves three types of electric vehicles, namely hybrid, pure electric and fuel cells, so the transformation of the power system will strongly rely on the breakthrough of battery technology. However, battery technology is the biggest difficulty in the industrialization of new energy vehicles in China at this stage, including the problems of life, consistency, and cost of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries.
"The entry threshold for lithium battery technology is not high, but it is not easy to do well." Any Xiangming, the head of the new energy and materials chemistry laboratory of the Institute of New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, said that there are many topics in the research of lithium battery technology in China. To be improved, the first is the problem of internal resistance. At present, the best level in China is 10 times different from the best level abroad. The other is the problem of battery consistency. Lithium batteries have a characteristic. Both overcharging and overdischarging are not good. The problem of single-chip lithium batteries used in mobile phones is easy to control. However, the lithium batteries used in automobiles are several complex series and parallel. At the same time, if the consistency is not good, it is easy to cause some overcharging and some undercharging, which will affect the service life and cost of the entire battery. At present, this problem has not been completely solved at home and abroad.
In addition, the voltage of electric vehicle batteries is now about 100 volts to 600 volts. Once a car falls into the water, how to keep passengers from getting an electric shock is also one of the technical problems that need to be broken through.
Some experts pointed out that due to the current tight production and sales of automobiles, the major auto companies are more focused on the development of color varieties to meet market needs, but not enough in traditional energy consumption reduction.
Many industry insiders pointed out that some key technical levels of traditional vehicles will still largely determine the development level of hybrid vehicles. Although hybrid electric vehicles have added electric motors as power sources, traditional internal combustion engines still need to play an important role. Therefore, in addition to the continuous exploration of new technologies such as motors and batteries, it is equally urgent to improve the key technologies inherent in traditional automobiles such as automatic transmissions.
"If traditional energy vehicles do not do well, it is unrealistic to expect to make a leap forward in new energy vehicles." Miao Wei said that while we attach importance to the development of new energy vehicles, we must not forget the traditional energy vehicles. Energy saving and consumption reduction, this one has a lot of space, mature technology, and ready-made products. Japan formulated an ambitious technical plan in 2001, and it took another 10 years to reduce fuel consumption by 10%. I dare not say that our average fuel consumption meets Japan ’s 2005 standard, but I dare not say that our standard only meets Japan ’s 1985 standard, but if we keep up with their pace, there is still more than 20% of the gap.
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