Laser barcode scanners are widely used due to their exceptional features such as a large depth of field, high scanning speed, and broad scanning range. Among these, the full-angle laser barcode scanner stands out for its ability to scan barcodes moving in any direction at high speeds, making it ideal for highly automated environments with high material flow rates. The system consists of several key components: a laser source, optical scanning mechanism, optical receiving unit, photoelectric conversion, signal amplification, shaping, quantization, and decoding. Each of these elements plays a crucial role in ensuring accurate and efficient barcode reading.
The principle behind a laser scanner involves using a light source to illuminate the barcode. The black and white bars reflect light differently, allowing the scanner to recognize the pattern. When scanning, the laser beam is directed onto the barcode, and the reflected light is collected by a lens. This light is then converted into an electrical signal by a scanning module, which processes the data and sends it to the computer as the decoded barcode information. If the code isn’t recognized, the laser remains on until successful decoding occurs. Once decoded, the laser turns off automatically.
In terms of image processing, the analog signal is converted into a digital format using 8-bit, 10-bit, or 12-bit RGB quantization. Higher bit depths allow for more color levels and richer detail, although beyond a certain point, the human eye can no longer distinguish the differences. For most applications, higher resolution enhances clarity and allows for better scanning of fine details.
The laser source is typically a semiconductor laser, known for its low power consumption, compact size, and reliability. These lasers emit an elliptical beam, which requires special collimation techniques to optimize the scanning depth of field. For full-angle scanners, a circular spot is preferred to ensure consistent performance across different angles. Techniques like adding a small aperture stop or using specialized optics help achieve this.
Optical scanning systems use methods such as rotating prisms or holographic technology. Holographic systems offer advantages in terms of compactness and cost-effectiveness, while rotating prism systems are well-established and reliable. Full-angle scanning has evolved to support various barcode formats, including 39 codes and 25 codes, requiring more scanning directions and advanced optical configurations.
The receiving system captures the scattered light from the barcode, often using a return-to-receive configuration to improve signal quality. Automatic gain control helps maintain consistent signal strength, regardless of the distance to the barcode. Handheld scanners, with slower speeds, use simpler receivers and may employ modulation techniques to enhance signal detection.
Photoelectric conversion, signal amplification, and shaping are essential steps in processing the received light into usable data. High-frequency signals require specialized components like avalanche photodiodes, while lower-frequency signals can be handled with simpler circuits. Shaping circuits restore the signal edges to make them suitable for digital processing.
Finally, the decoding process extracts the information from the shaped signal. Full-angle scanners must handle complex patterns and non-barcode signals, requiring powerful decoding units capable of identifying valid codes. Software-hardware combinations are commonly used, and some systems include features like automatic stitching of code segments, though this can sometimes lead to errors if not carefully managed.
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