Because the top side of the moon is facing Earth, it's naturally shielded from some meteorite impacts. On the other hand, the bottom surface—unprotected by Earth—receives more strikes over time.
Did you know that the Moon always shows the same face to Earth? This happens because its rotation and orbital periods are the same. For centuries, people assumed the far side looked just like the near side. But when space probes finally captured images of the far side, it was a complete surprise. The far side has more craters and looks much more rugged than the front.
For a long time, scientists couldn't explain this difference. However, the answer might be simpler than we thought. Imagine an asteroid belt located between Mars and Jupiter. Most meteorites that hit Earth or the Moon come from this region. Now, if we divide the Moon’s orbit into four parts—each 90 degrees—we can analyze how the Moon interacts with these asteroids at different times.
During the first half of the lunar month (the waxing phase), the Moon is in an area where it's less affected by Earth's gravity. In this zone, the probability of an asteroid hitting the far side remains high. But during the second half (the waning phase), the Moon enters an area where Earth's gravity influences it more. As asteroids approach, some get pulled toward Earth instead of the Moon, reducing the number of impacts on the near side.
This means the far side of the Moon has been hit more often, leading to more craters. It's like a shield effect: the near side gets protected by Earth, while the far side is left exposed.
Interestingly, this concept also applies to PCBs (printed circuit boards). If you look at the top and bottom layers, they usually have the same number of vias. However, the top layer is often covered by components or solder masks, making the vias less visible. This creates a visual illusion similar to the Moon’s far side—it's there, but not as obvious.
Happy Mid-Autumn Festival to everyone! May your night be filled with light, wonder, and the beauty of the Moon. 🌕
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