At the end of last year, Chen Hao, a photography enthusiast who played for more than four years, sold his last machine. For him who works and lives between Beijing's second and third rings, the cost of "flying once" is somewhat high - he needs to drive at least an hour and rush to the suburbs outside the Sixth Ring.
The staff of the Flying Innovation Store (right) confirmed to the reporter that some of the drones sold in the store were modified to fly in the no-fly zone in Beijing.
"There are more and more aircraft, and the control may become more and more strict." The ever-occurring drone threatens the safety of civil aviation passengers, making Chen Yi feel that it is a wise decision to sell the drone. According to reports, since the beginning of this year, there have been many incidents in the country where the drones interfered with the normal operation of the airport. At Kunming Changshui Airport, there was also a danger that the UAV flew only 50 to 70 meters from the Airliner and even broke into the runway area.
At present, most consumer-grade drones involve “black fly†(flights that have not been approved for registration), and supervision is difficult to land. The Beijing News reporter also found through investigation that some merchants can break the no-fly limit by installing the crack module.
At the two national conferences being held, at least four NPC deputies have put forward proposals on strengthening the supervision of drones, involving the establishment of industry standards, the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, and the purchase of real-name systems. Liang Zhiyi, deputy director of the National People's Congress and Gaoming Branch of the Public Security Bureau of Foshan City, Guangdong Province, said that drones may be used by criminals to commit crimes, posing a potential and realistic risk challenge to security. He proposed to establish a real-name registration system for drones and strengthen supervision.
"Flying drones like flying kites"
UAV technology is maturing, the market is growing, and safety issues are ignored.
At the end of 2013, Chen Hao had his first drone. At that time, the mature consumer-grade drones were just around the corner. For many photographers, this multi-rotor remote-controlled aircraft with a lens is a new object that allows users to see the world from an unprecedented perspective. .
In fact, before the drone became the new favorite of professional photographers, it was already a member of the model circle. Players buy imported accessories from the Internet, assemble and fly, and fly the height and distance of the game.
In the summer of 2013, Wang Xiao, who was also a junior in Guangzhou, had assembled a 6-axis UAV. From the fuselage and motor to the remote control and display, it took about 30,000 yuan to equip a complete set of equipment. At the time, this self-made drone had weak anti-interference ability, poor flight stability, and often lost.
Unlike the current high-definition cameras, RC enthusiasts don't care about the effect of shooting. They hang cameras on the assembly machine, mostly to judge the location of the aircraft. Only a few commercial users can add aircraft. Install a more professional camera.
It is precisely because of the reason of "re-flying and not re-shooting" that in the early years, this assembled drone was only popular in the model circle, and it was not well known to the public, let alone someone.
In the impressions of Chen Yu and Wang Xiao, the drone really entered the public eye, from the show of "Where is Dad Go" and other variety shows, in February 2015, singer Wang Feng used a stand at Zhang Ziyi's birthday party. The news that the man-machine sent the diamond ring was attracting the attention of ordinary people.
The Beijing News reporter noted that since 2015, with the more mature consumer-grade multi-rotor drone technology, its price has become "close to the people", about 3,000 yuan, you can buy a high-definition aerial drone It can fly up to 500 meters. Some toy drones with the same principle are priced at only a few hundred dollars.
Consumer-grade UAVs also sell tens of thousands of dollars, and currently account for 70% of the global market share. In 2015, global sales reached 6 billion yuan. In 2016, global sales reached 10 billion yuan. On March 4th, its monthly sales of all kinds of drones in Tmall's official flagship store exceeded 5,200.
At that time, Chen Hao worked for a Zhejiang media. At that time, drones almost became the standard for photographers. A small community event would also use airplanes to take a few pictures.
For a time, the drone with high-definition aerial photography function, like a flying camera, quickly became a fire in the photography circle. "In the eyes of everyone, flying drones is similar to flying kites." Chen said that few people are aware of the security and privacy issues involved.
Flight restriction and no-fly
Relevant departments gradually attach importance to drone control and “anti-made†through technical means.
In mid-January this year, a video streaming network in which aerial drones were shot by drones in the air, some civil aviation practitioners believe that such close-range shooting seriously threatens the flight safety of passenger aircraft.
According to police investigations, a man surnamed Yuan took off the drone at about 8.5 kilometers from Xiaoshan Airport and took off to 450 meters. The aerial photography process took more than 10 minutes, including multiple passenger planes. According to this video, it is a portable drone shooting in Xinjiang.
At present, mature consumer-grade UAVs require GPS positioning systems to navigate and fly. When the aircraft takes off outside, it will automatically receive satellite signals. In the mobile phone software required to operate the aircraft, the manufacturer will set the key areas and special areas such as the airport as no-fly zones. Under normal circumstances, the drones in the no-fly zone cannot be started.
Not only that, but drones can't fly into the no-fly zone from outside the no-fly zone. Some players try to find out that when the drone reaches the edge of the no-fly zone, there will be a warning on the flight software. The plane seems to have encountered an invisible The wall can only hover in place.
Some analysts believe that the main reason for the Xiaoshan Airport incident is that the no-fly, restricted flight area and the clearing area delineated by the airport are inconsistent. Up to now, Dajiang has updated the range of no-fly and flight-limited areas in various places.
In addition to the airport, in order to avoid flight risks, Dajiang has set up a restricted area in sensitive areas such as important government agencies, prisons, and nuclear power plants. The boundaries of these areas extend 100 meters to the permanent no-fly zone, and flight is completely prohibited.
In Beijing, this permanent no-fly zone is a circular area with a radius of 30 kilometers centered on Tiananmen Square. It has covered the clearance area of ​​each airport. On the map, this circular no-fly zone covers almost six rings. All areas.
On the eve of the National People's Congress, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau issued an announcement. From March 1st to 16th, within the radius of 200km centered on Tiananmen Square, 12 types of “low-slow†aircraft such as no-flying UAVs were banned, March 1st. From 0 o'clock, the no-flyer setting of the relevant drone manufacturers has been adjusted.
In response to the increasing number of drones, some local governments and public security agencies have gradually paid attention to drone control during major festivals and events, and used technical means to "counter".
During the Lanzhou Lantern Festival in Quanzhou, Fujian Province from February 9 to 12 this year, the UAV no-fly control zone was set up. For this reason, the public security department not only set up an observatory lookout in the Lantern Pavilion, but also set up a drone anti-team. The counteracter blocks the operator's control by interfering with the drone's operating signals, forcing the drone to automatically land safely.
In addition to temporary control measures, in Beijing and other places, drones need to be purchased under real-name systems. For example, in Dajiang UAV, every authorized sales agent in Beijing will have the unique identification code and buyer identity for the fuselage. The certificate number is registered and reported to the relevant department.
On March 3, in front of the flying innovation store in Chaoyang District, a merchant staff (left) showed reporters that the cracked drone was positioned in the Pacific Ocean.
No-fly zone
There are merchants to install the no-fly zone crack module for the drone, rewrite the GPS coordinates.
Although some drone manufacturers will set up a no-fly zone, the Beijing News reporter found that there are many businesses on the Internet that crack the drone-free zone.
On a second-hand goods network trading platform, some people advertised that they only need to install one module, they can crack the no-fly zone of multiple models of DJI.
Many sellers said that the price of different models of drone cracking modules is different. Take the basic Elf 3 series drones in Dajiang as an example. Adding a crack module requires about 1,000 yuan. You can ship Taobao or face-to-face installation. It can be installed in an hour, and the removal of the module will not affect the machine itself. Some sellers said, "There will be no problem. Don't go to the army to fly. Beijing has a lot to play with."
Among them, the propaganda pictures of several sellers are also equipped with pictures of drones flying at night. The signs of the Fifth Ring Road in the picture suggest that the departure point of the drone is located in the no-fly zone of Beijing.
Recently, according to the address provided by a seller, the Beijing News reporter came to the Feitian Innovation (Dajiang Innovation Beijing Entity Authorized Store) located in Chengshousi Road, Chaoyang District. The shop of hundreds of square meters was transformed from a warehouse, divided into an office area and a display area. Upon entering the door, a staff member took the reporter to the exhibition area behind the office area.
On the stand against the wall in the exhibition area, there are various types of DJI drones, and the staff pointed to several of them. These are prototypes that have been equipped with crack modules. The principle is to use the program. After rewriting the GPS coordinates, after the modification, the coordinates transmitted by the aircraft to the system are not the actual location, thus “cheating†the system and taking off in the no-fly zone.
It is also very simple to install the crack module. It is only necessary to disassemble the aircraft casing and connect the wire-connected module to the socket of the aircraft navigation system. After installation, the stability and automatic return of the aircraft are completely unaffected. The modules installed on some models are only the size of the fingernail and have a switch. When not in use, the module is turned off and the aircraft is as usual.
In order to prove that the crack is effective, the staff picked up a modified Elf 4 drone and took the reporter to the outdoor test. On the open space at the entrance of the shop, the staff opened the drone and the remote control respectively. The display on the remote control can be seen. The position of the drone is located at a certain point in the Pacific Ocean, and the position of the remote control is displayed in Beijing. At this point, the motor of the drone can operate normally.
The staff member said that even if there is a "flying" situation in this situation, there is no need to worry, the aircraft can return to the take-off point by itself, and this take-off point is for the actual take-off position, so it will return to the original takeoff. Ground.
According to its introduction, among the existing UAVs in Dajiang, the only portable "Yu" has not been unlocked, and the rest of the models can be cracked. The cracking module of the M600 is located near Tangshan, Hebei, and the rest are located in the Pacific Ocean.
"We didn't dare to sell it before. It started from last year and secretly sold it. It has sold more than 100 at least." The staff said that it takes 40 minutes to install an aircraft, plus one hour of commissioning. Basically get it.
Because the two national conferences are just around the corner and the UAV is forbidden to fly around Beijing, this staff member is very cautious. "If you want to install, you have to wait for the 16th, even if you come early on the 17th, we can all install it. Now check it out. Strictly, the store masters are afraid to do it."
The lack of supervision "black fly" prevails
The NPC deputy proposed to set up a drone industry access system and implement real-name purchase.
Who is going to crack the no-fly zone module? The above-mentioned staff said that the main group is the crew and the studio, and the rest are some enthusiasts.
An insider also revealed that a small number of teams and individuals who conduct commercial filming will crack the no-fly zone module to facilitate commercial aerial photography in the Sixth Ring Road, but these people are basically old flying hands, understand that "Where should not Go," and some personal enthusiasts will fly in the parks of the city.
A cleaner in Chaoyang Park and a citizen living nearby confirmed the above statement. Occasionally, the aerial camera was seen on the open space in the north and south gates of the park. There are also Feiyou who saw in the circle of friends that someone has photographed the snow scene of the Summer Palace.
It is understood that even unhacked drones can take off in the no-fly zone when they are unable to connect to the GPS signal due to weather, etc., but at this time, the stability of the aircraft will deteriorate, and each of the urban areas will be inferior. Interference is likely to cause the drone to lose control. For some assembled drones and toy drones, there is basically no technical no-fly limit.
According to Wang Xiao and Chen Yu’s observation, the flying hands of “crossing the border†are only a few. The friends who play the drones around them will basically fly to the suburbs outside the Sixth Ring. In some group of flying friends, members are for individual people. The questions about how to crack the no-fly zone are all chilling. Instead, the mutual friends of the flying friends reminded themselves of self-discipline and advocated maintaining a good flight environment.
Even so, everyone understands that the flight in the non-no-fly zone may still involve "black fly."
How can a drone not "black fly"? In theory, first, personnel must have an aircraft driver's license. Second, the aircraft must have an airworthiness certificate. Third, you must declare your flight plan. To put it simply, the driver and the aircraft need to be qualified. In addition, the air traffic control department needs to obtain approval from the air traffic control department.
According to the Flight Standards Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, on July 11, 2016, the “Management Regulations for Civil UAV Drivers†was issued. The drones weighing less than 7 kg do not need to be licensed for the driver. The current consumer-grade aerial drones on the market are basically under 7 kilograms, which means that the flying hands do not need to obtain driving qualifications to fly.
However, the requirements of the second and third requirements are difficult to achieve. At present, China has not issued airworthiness standards for drones. In addition, in terms of airspace, the civil aviation unmanned aerial vehicle system launched by the Air Traffic Control Office of the Civil Aviation Administration of China in September 2016 The Traffic Management Measures state that civil unmanned aerial vehicles are only allowed to fly in isolated airspace (that is, dedicated airspace for drones), and the airspace is separated from the operators by air traffic control units. And such airspace does not currently exist.
Although “buy and play†may involve “black flyâ€, in practice, very few people are supervised and punished for “black flyâ€. “As long as you don’t fly in the no-fly zone and sensitive areas, no one will control it. "Basic has become the consensus of most flying hands.
"If we count black fly, then some government departments should also count for industry monitoring." Chen Hao, who has sold his own drone, feels that the supervision of civilian drones has not kept up with the development of drones. He hopes that more regulations will be introduced instead of a one-size-fits-all ban.
At the National People's Congress held in Beijing, at least four NPC deputies have paid attention to the supervision of civilian drones. Liang Zhiyi, deputy director of the National People's Congress and Gaoming Branch of the Public Security Bureau of Foshan City, Guangdong Province, told the Beijing News that it was proposed to set up The industry access system, from the source to unify the technical standards of civilian drones, and implement one-machine-one-code, real-name purchase measures, in addition, civil aviation and other departments should also introduce airspace management regulations, clear "where to fly, where to fly What qualifications are needed."
Liang Zhiyi believes that these regulatory measures will ultimately require a detailed and enforceable law and regulation. Zhang Qihuai, chief expert of China Aviation Legal Service Center and director of Beijing Lanpeng Law Firm, also holds a similar view. He believes that the current regulations on drones are still relatively weak, and the control and production of drone drivers. There are problems in the standards of enterprises and the penalties for "black fly".
Zhang Qihuai once wrote that there is an urgent need for a special law to clarify the obligations of producers, sellers and users, and to give clear limits on the use of different sizes and uses, so that buyers are well aware and strictly regulated. In the case of the situation, it is possible to prescribe the problem of endless problems.
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