How oscilloscope current probe works

The current probe is designed to detect the magnetic field produced by the flow of electrons within a conductor. Within its specified range, the probe converts the surrounding magnetic flux into a linear voltage signal that can be easily displayed and analyzed using an oscilloscope or other measurement devices. For accurate readings, it's best to fully wrap the wire around the probe’s core. This ensures maximum sensitivity and precision. Split-core probes offer added convenience, as they can be clipped onto a wire without the need for disconnection. On the other hand, solid-core current transformers are ideal for permanent or semi-permanent installations, offering compact size and excellent high-frequency response, making them suitable for measuring fast, low-amplitude current pulses and AC signals.

When the current clamp is closed around a conductor carrying current, a magnetic field is generated. This magnetic field interacts with the Hall sensor inside the probe, causing a deflection of electrons and generating an electromotive force (EMF) at the sensor's output. Based on this EMF, the probe generates a compensating current through its coil, effectively canceling out the original magnetic field to prevent saturation. The actual current value is then measured based on this compensating current, allowing for precise and linear measurements of both AC and DC currents, including mixed signals.

How the current probe works when testing DC and low frequencies

As the frequency of the measured current increases, the effectiveness of the Hall effect diminishes. In the case of high-frequency AC without a DC component, the coil in the probe directly senses the changing magnetic field, functioning similarly to a current transformer. At these higher frequencies, the probe measures the induced current rather than the compensating current. The amplifier in the probe provides a low-impedance ground loop for the coil, ensuring accurate signal transmission and minimal distortion.

How the current probe works when testing high frequencies

At around 20 kHz, the current probe operates in a crossover region where both the Hall sensor and the coil contribute to the measurement. This hybrid operation allows the probe to maintain accuracy across a wide frequency range, combining the advantages of both technologies. The Hall sensor handles lower frequencies and DC components, while the coil takes over at higher frequencies, ensuring consistent performance and reliable data collection in various applications.

How the current probe intersection area works

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