**1. Introduction**
The integration and application of single-chip microcontrollers have become deeply embedded in various aspects of daily life. One significant use is the mass programming of chips with limited memory, where a high-speed programmer with stable performance is essential for large-scale chip burning by major manufacturers. Currently, the most commonly used programmer on the market is based on the 89C51 microcontroller. However, its limited functionality struggles to meet the increasing demands of the market. This paper presents a new programmer that utilizes the MSP430F149 microcontroller as the central control unit. Compared to traditional 51 MCU programmers, this design incorporates an I2C memory module, enabling chip programming without the need for a computer, thus making the process more efficient and user-friendly.
**2. System Design**
The MSP430-based programmer is built around the MSP430F149 microcontroller and consists of several key components: a keyboard, display, serial communication port, programming interface, level-shifting circuit, power supply, and storage module. The system architecture is illustrated in Figure 1, showing how each component interacts to support the overall functionality of the programmer.
Figure 1: System Block Diagram
**3. Hardware Circuit Design** **3.1 CPU Module** The core of the programmer is the ultra-low-power MSP430F149 microcontroller. As shown in Figure 2, the minimum system includes crystal oscillators Y1 and Y2, a reset circuit connected to RST, and multiple I/O ports for data transmission and address output. Port P1 is used for data transfer, while P3.0–P3.4 provides the high 4-bit address, and P4 handles the low 8-bit address. Additionally, P5.3 and P5.4 are connected to the keyboard, and P2, along with P5.0–P5.2, interfaces with the liquid crystal display. P3.6 and P3.7 are linked to the memory module for data storage.
Figure 2: Schematic of the MSP430F149 Minimum System
**3.2 Serial Port Module** To ensure compatibility between the MSP430F149 and the host computer, a level-shifting circuit using the MAX232 is implemented. This IC converts the signal levels to match the RS-232 standard, allowing seamless communication between the programmer and the PC. It operates on a single +5V power supply, making it a reliable and efficient choice for serial communication. **3.3 Storage Module** As depicted in Figure 3, the storage module features an I2C-based EEPROM, specifically the AT24C16 chip, which offers 8 KB of memory. This module is used to store the program data intended for the 51 MCU, enabling offline programming. The connection between the MSP430F149 and the AT24C16 involves a data line (SDA) and a clock line (SCL), ensuring accurate and fast data transfer.
Figure 3: Storage Module Connection Diagram
**3.4 Keyboard and Display Module** The keyboard module uses a PS/2 interface, known for its reliability and simplicity, requiring only two signal lines for operation. It is primarily used for function selection during the programming process, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Keyboard Module Circuit Schematic
The display module employs a 1602 LCD to show important parameters such as the chip type, programming voltage, and operations like read, write, and erase. As shown in Figure 5, the MSP430F149 controls the display based on commands from the keyboard, providing real-time feedback to the user.
Figure 5: Module Circuit Schematic
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