How oscilloscope current probe works

The current probe is designed to detect the magnetic field produced by the flow of electrons in a wire. Within its specified range, the probe converts the surrounding magnetic flux into a proportional voltage output, which can be easily viewed and analyzed using an oscilloscope or other measurement devices. For accurate readings, it's best to fully wrap the wire around the probe’s core—whether it's a solid or split-core design. Split-core probes offer the advantage of being clamped onto a wire without needing to disconnect it, making them ideal for quick measurements. On the other hand, solid-core current transformers are typically used for permanent or semi-permanent installations due to their compact size and excellent high-frequency response, which makes them suitable for capturing fast, low-amplitude AC signals and transient current pulses.

When the current clamp is closed around a conductor carrying current, a magnetic field is generated. This field interacts with the Hall sensor inside the probe, causing a deflection of electrons and generating an electromotive force (EMF). Based on this EMF, the probe generates a compensating current in its coil to cancel out the original magnetic field, preventing core saturation. The actual current value is then determined by measuring this compensating current. This method allows for precise and linear measurement of both AC and DC currents, including mixed signals.

How the current probe works when testing DC and low frequencies

As the frequency of the current increases, the effectiveness of the Hall effect diminishes. In high-frequency AC measurements without a DC component, the probe primarily relies on the coil to detect the changing magnetic field. At this point, the probe functions similarly to a current transformer, directly measuring the induced current rather than the compensation current. The amplifier within the probe provides a low-impedance path for the coil, ensuring accurate signal transfer at high frequencies.

How the current probe works when testing high frequencies

At around 20kHz, the current probe operates in a crossover region where both the Hall sensor and the coil contribute to the measurement. This hybrid approach ensures that the probe maintains accuracy across a wide frequency range, from DC up to high-frequency AC. The combination of these two methods allows the probe to deliver reliable and consistent results, making it a versatile tool for various electrical testing applications.

How the current probe intersection area works

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