New energy vehicles need to charge while driving at high speeds, and this is a key challenge that photovoltaic roads must address. Fortunately, wireless charging technology for vehicles has become increasingly mature. In 2013, the world's first wireless charging bus lane was built in South Korea. More recently, on May 18th of this year, Qualcomm successfully demonstrated wireless charging for electric vehicles traveling at 100 km/h.
Wireless charging technology has now reached a level of maturity that makes it viable for real-world applications. According to CCTV, the photovoltaic road surface on Jinan South Ring Expressway has already been connected to the power grid, generating electricity that is used to power charging stations along the route.
Zhang Hongchao, a professor from Tongji University’s School of Transportation Engineering, explained that by integrating with electric vehicle technology, photovoltaic road surfaces can enable mobile charging for vehicles. This means that the entire national highway network could transform into a "solar charging treasure," providing continuous power to electric cars as they travel.
In a similar effort, France unveiled the world’s first solar road in Normandy last year. Located on the RD5 provincial road in the village of Tourouvre, the road generates solar power and sees an average of 2,000 drivers passing through daily. The concept of combining roads with photovoltaic technology is gaining traction globally, with many countries exploring its potential.
China has been actively advancing in this field, continuously improving its technological capabilities. Recently, Professor Yang Qingxin from Tianjin University led a project focused on a wind-solar hybrid intelligent micro-grid-based wireless charging system for electric vehicles. The project achieved numerous innovative results with independent intellectual property rights, reaching internationally advanced levels.
The research team integrated various distributed power sources such as photovoltaics and wind power, along with energy storage systems and control devices, to create a self-sufficient microgrid that powers electric vehicles. This project introduced a new model for wireless charging that operates independently of the main grid, reducing the impact of current fluctuations and harmonics. It also enhances the flexibility of charging and helps reduce the strain on the power grid caused by large-scale EV charging.
The benefits of this technology include the ability to absorb renewable energy on-site, achieving true "zero emissions," and improving the overall economic and environmental performance of the energy system. These solutions are particularly useful in areas with weak power grids, such as islands, grasslands, and scenic spots.
Some of the project’s findings have already been implemented by major companies, including the State Grid Corporation of China, Jiangxi Provincial Power Company, and several other energy and tech firms.
While photovoltaic roads offer many advantages, such as generating electricity directly for roadside facilities, enabling automatic road marking adjustments, and even providing electric heating for improved safety, they also come with challenges. The initial costs are high—like the 5 million euro investment for a 1 km solar road in France. Additionally, there are concerns about the lifespan of solar panels, high maintenance costs, and potential safety risks.
Despite these issues, many countries, including the U.S., Italy, the Netherlands, and Japan, are conducting ongoing research in this area. Although the cost is significant, the long-term benefits of photovoltaic roads—such as reduced reliance on traditional power sources and lower carbon footprints—make them a promising future solution.
In China, the development of photovoltaic roads is seen as a step ahead of global trends. The technology used is among the most advanced, offering durability and cost-effectiveness that make it a competitive alternative to traditional asphalt paving. While the initial cost is slightly higher, the increased longevity and electricity generation help offset the expenses over time.
Wireless charging for electric vehicles is becoming more common, with inductive charging being a popular method. This technology uses a high-frequency magnetic field to transfer power between the charger and the vehicle without physical contact, making it safe even in adverse weather conditions like rain or snow.
Another form of wireless charging involves using lasers or microwaves to transmit energy from a transmitter to a receiver on the vehicle. This method is still in early stages but holds promise for future applications. With such advancements, electric vehicles could be charged quickly while on the move, simply by driving over specially equipped roads or near transmitters installed on poles or buildings.
As this technology continues to evolve, it could revolutionize how we power our vehicles, making the transition to a greener, more sustainable transportation system not just possible, but inevitable.
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