You may have heard of Bitcoin, a controversial digital currency. The biggest feature of Bitcoin is decentralization. With Bitcoin, people can make payments without the need for a bank. In recent months, financial giants have suddenly begun to focus on the technology behind Bitcoin and have used this technology in non-monetary areas, such as stock trading, election voting, and so on. This technology is called a blockchain, a decentralized public database that records all transactions in real time. When paying on the blockchain, the entire network computer queries the blockchain data to verify whether the payment transaction is valid. After confirming the payment, it will be written to the blockchain and a non-tamperable record will be generated.
Everyone recently saw that the news about so many blockchains will have such confusion. The three words from the "blockchain" are really not very good to understand the technology behind them. I see that there are so many people in this. Questions, the following small series try to help you simply sort out some knowledge about the "blockchain" in an easy-to-understand way.
The blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. The entire database is composed of a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic associations. Each block is automatically time stamped with a unique value when it is generated.
First of all, don't think too much about the blockchain. He is a database storage system that can be operated in different parts of the world. It is different from the traditional database operation. The read and write authority is controlled by a company or a centralized hand (centralized Feature), the blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from around the world deployed their own servers and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in the distributed database storage system; once joined, the node has exactly the same rights as all other nodes. And obligations (decentralized, distributed features). At the same time, for those who perform services on the blockchain, they can read and write to any node in the system. Finally, all nodes in the world will be synchronized one by one according to the completion of a certain mechanism. The data of all nodes in the blockchain network is completely consistent.
What is the blockchain technology solved? What does it mean?In fact, the biggest value of the blockchain is decentralization. So what is centralization and what is decentralization?
Centralization:In life, we can see a lot of intermediaries, buying an intermediary requires an intermediary, second-hand cars need an intermediary, and then to a big point, Taobao is also an intermediary with the bank. Taobao is the intermediary between the seller and the buyer, the bank transferor and the payee. Intermediary. Intermediaries are everywhere. As long as the information of the supply and demand sides is not equal, or a little inconvenient, there will be an intermediary. The essence of these "intermediaries" is to integrate and centralize resources and information, and they act as the first The role of the three-party guarantor.
(This approach has some inherent drawbacks: for example, high operating costs, cumbersome processes, and risks controlled by centralized agents)
In fact, the modern financial system itself is a model of over-centralization. Governments and central banks control the right to issue currency. Every time excessive currency causes inflation, it will have a depreciating effect on wealth. In addition, modern banks implement a partial reserve system. People save money in banks, and banks don't save all their money safely. Instead, they use most of them for lending, which is as high as 80%. The bank does not promise to be able to fulfill all the withdrawal requirements of the depositors. When more than 20% of the depositors request the withdrawal at the same time, the bank cannot pay. There are potential default risks, and historically, this risk has repeatedly become a real crisis.
Decentralization is not a center. For example, Weibo is a manifestation of decentralization. Everyone can be a node. Everyone can send a message to influence others. Anyone can become a center, and any The center is not permanent, and the center does not have a mandatory effect on everyone; for example, the bus station and the taxi, the bus has its own fixed route, and people can only go to the destination of the bus station to meet, and then Arrive at the established site of this route.
The taxi can follow the request of each user. The user can reach any destination from any starting point. Each taxi that provides travel service is a center; for example, the canteen and the takeaway, the former concentrates on a fixed one. The place is for dining and dining, while the take-away is any place to order meals at any time. (The example is just to let everyone know the concept of decentralization, but it is not that taxis and takeaways are related to the blockchain)
How is the blockchain decentralized?The core of blockchain technology is distributed networks, encryption algorithms and consensus mechanisms. Simply put, the blockchain is a public account book built on the Internet. Everyone's computer on the Internet can have such a book. The data in this book is completely transparent and transparent. Anyone can participate in the book. Accounts and reconciliations, when you trade, the transaction is recorded on your books, and the books in each block are the same.
This fundamentally simplifies the traditional trust mechanism and does not require a third party with a credibility to guarantee. It is difficult to reach a collaboration between two people who don't know and trust each other. However, based on the characteristics of the blockchain, if there is no intermediary involved, the two sides can also achieve mutual trust and cooperation. At the same time, this account book is very safe, because the encryption technology used in the blockchain is based on cryptography. It is very difficult to tamper with the contents of this book. Even if you break through the blockchain encryption technology, you can tamper with your own books. It doesn't make sense, because the blockchain will automatically sync to the books of everyone in the world, which is tantamount to stealing.
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