In the previous two travel notes, I mentioned that the author started from Oslo and went to Hakata to search for the Northern Lights. He then arrived at Tromso with a cruise on Haida Ludlow in Hakata to continue his exploration of the Arctic scenery. This is the content of the first two parts of the travels. If you are interested in reviewing these two parts of the travels, you can click on the corresponding link before to watch: "Finding Nature's Miracles Canon 5D4 Traveling in Norway Aurora (Part 1)", "On the Cruise Arctic Journey to the Canon 5D4 Norway Aurora (in).
Cultural heritage in the fjord Canon 5D4 Norway Aurora Travel Notes
On the early morning of the eighth day of the trip, the author set off at 5 o'clock in the morning to go to the airport and fly from Tromso to Bergen in the morning over 8 o'clock. The sad reminder is that there is no direct flight on this journey, so it is necessary to continue on Trondheim. Our SAS Scandinavian Airlines did not provide in-flight catering in the economy section of the Norwegian domestic section, and we also had a special hurry, so this is basically an hungry walk.
The logo on the toilet seen at Bergen Airport has a design sense for both men and women.
Actually, the reason why we are rushing this early flight is mainly to hope that we can catch a fjord trip in the afternoon. Our final arrival time at Bergen Airport was approximately 10:30 in the morning. After we had checked our baggage, we immediately took the bus to the depths of the fjord.
Due to being too hungry, the first time after getting off the plane to add energy, bought a banana and a bottle of vitamin drinks, Sheng Hui more than 40 yuan......
Staff of the Norwegian Tourist Board gave us an introductory manual on the fjord. The fjord is Norway's most iconic landscape. Even geological experts refer to Norway as a “fjord country,†only after admiring the endless zigzagging fjords on the west coast of Norway and the fjord scenery built from countless glacier relics. Can you feel the most touching charm of this magical country? The formation of the fjords dates back to the glaciers. Due to the erosive effects of glaciers, a number of "U" and "V" shaped valleys were formed between the steep valleys and cliffs. After seawater flowed into these bays, people formed. The Jedi scenery that you see now.
The Sognefjord to be visited on this trip is Norway's largest fjord, the second longest and deepest fjord in the world, with a total length of 240 kilometers and a maximum depth of 1308 meters. On both sides of the mountain, the valley is deep, and the slopes on the valley bottom are steep and vertically long, reaching the peak of 1,500 meters above sea level. The rock formations on both sides of the fjord are very rigid, mainly composed of granite and gneiss, mixed with a few limestone, dolomite and marble.
After about three and a half hours, we finally arrived at the observation deck inside the Sognefjord. The observation deck was built on the high mountains in the fjords. Our car experienced a large section of the mountain road before it arrived here.
The stunning fjords of Norway were born during the Ice Age, and there have been no major changes since the first time humans set foot in Norway. Here, seals thrive, whales swim freely in the fjords, eagles strike the sky, and fishes fly shallow.
In the western part of Norway, there are not only islands and reefs but also large cities. Traveling by car takes only a short time to get from the city to a peaceful country or to an undiscovered wilderness.
The valleys of western Norway are fertile and suitable for growing all kinds of fruit. Apples, pears, cherries, and strawberries are common fruits and are loved by people. Wild game, fish and locally produced lamb are indispensable ingredients in this speciality cuisine.
The small communities and villages are distributed on both sides of the fjord and in the areas close to the inland and coastal areas. These communities and villages have their own unique characteristics. They can deeply feel the unique tradition and style of the area.
Under this beautiful scenery, the author used the Canon 5D markIV with 16-35 III and 100-400 II two lenses, shot a lot of beauty, as shown in some of the collocation map.
After taking a series of photos at the top of the mountain, we then came to the hillside, where there is another location suitable for framing.
On the mountain road, we saw goats raised by local residents walking leisurely on the road. There was absolutely no fear of people. It is very interesting to have a buzzing sound while walking.
There is a large group of goats here, with tags on their ears to identify different goats.
After fixing the fjords in the high mountains, we entered the beautiful town in the fjord, Fromm Flåm. Although the population of this small village is only about 400 people, there are as many as 500,000 tourists from all over the world each summer.
Why is there such a large flow of people in a place where there are only so few people? This is because the Director of Tourism of Norway has been promoting a tour route called Norway in a Nutshell since the beginning of the year, and Flåm is just a transit point in this route.
Take the train from Bergen to Flåm, take a boat ride along the magnificent Aurlandsfjord and Lohfjörfjör到 to Gudvangen, then take a car to Warth and finally return to the train by train. Bergen, or take a train to Oslo, do not go back. The shortest route can be completed in one day, or it can be arranged for two days to enjoy slowly and concentrate the essence of the entire fjord.
The children's amusement park in the fjord town is really good as you watch the fiordland gliding away.
Although the small town of Flåm is small and small, it is complete with complete facilities. There is also the famous historic hotel FRETHEIM HOTEL that can meet all the needs of tourists.
Our trip will stay one night in the small town of Flåm, so go to the GIR BREWPUB craft brewery to see it.
According to the Norwegian Tourism Bureau staff, GIR BREWPUB is a very famous Norwegian artisanal winery, mainly producing various types of craft beer. The output is not large, so most of the pub bars used for its consumption, but also a small amount will be filled into bottles for sale.
The owner gave us five different beer tastings. Unfortunately, the author does not have much research on beer, but he feels that some malt flavours are very rich. Some hops are fragrant. There are still a lot of other professional names that cannot be understood.
This is the owner of ÆGIR BREWPUB and is said to have nearly half of the assets in the small town of Frome.
Most of the craft beer produced here belongs to Ale (Aer Beer) and IPA (Indian Beer).
Aier beer originates from the United Kingdom, generally using fermented yeast, and the fermentation speed is faster than that of the fermented yeast brewing method. The typical fermentation temperature is 15-24 degrees Celsius. Yeast produce a large amount of esters and other special odors at this temperature. In some cases it will produce apple, pear, pineapple, banana, plum, plum flavor and other fruit flavors. Beer.
The Indian aer beer is the abbreviation for the English “India Pale Aleâ€. This is a hop-flavored Ale beer that is also produced in the UK and was originally supplied to a British beer in the Indian colony. This wine increases the alcohol content and increases the amount of hops added, thus increasing the beer's long-distance shipping. The ability to resist deterioration.
These two kinds of beer are very scented, but the taste is a bit bitter, the author can only feel this level, and deeper mood does not come out.
Near the time of dinner, after the water and snacks in the supermarket in Fromm, we returned to the hotel to rest. Because of the reasons for getting up early in the morning, people are really tired and go to bed immediately after dinner, so there is no night scene.
On the morning of the ninth day, after breakfast, we checked out and proceeded on a cruise to continue on the fjord.
The cruises we took this time were very unique in shape, with multiple Z-stacked structures and a number of sightseeing slopes on the sides. The above shots would not be blocked by the people in front, and the design was very reasonable.
On the boat, we took a selected part of the lens and body that we brought together in this trip and took a photo. The Canon 5D Mark IV body and numerous lenses supported the shooting of this trip to Norway.
In addition to this large sightseeing boat, there are also many small speedboats and private yachts parked in the port of Fromm.
The barge has not been opened yet. Look carefully at the landscape in the cockpit.
The interior of the ship is luxuriously equipped with modern shapes.
There is a statue of an owl on the top of the boat. It's good to look at the foreground and blur the radar off the boat.
Well, the old driver wants to sail. The following is a wave of fjord landscape shot on a cruise ship.
The Sognefjord stretches from the coast of northern Bergen to the Jotunheimen National Park in the mountains and the glaciated Jostedalsbreen National Park.
The depth of the Sognefjord is more than 1,300 meters deep, and the peaks on both sides of the mountain are more than 1,700 meters above sea level. The narrowest and most famous branch of the Sognefjord is the Nærøyfjorden, which is only 250 metres wide at its narrowest point. In 2005, the Nærøyfjord was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and together with the Geirangerfjord was named the best natural heritage site in the world by the National Geographic Society.
In addition to these two branches, the three fjords of Lusterfjord, Fjærlandsfjord, and Finnafjord are equally picturesque and well-known. The melting water of the glacier flows in and makes these fjords green like jade and beautiful.
The traditional cuisine of the Sognefjord is distinguished by its excellent climate, fresh air, and luxuriant mountain scenery. The fresh produce produced is a must. The most prestigious specialties in the area are high quality fruits, berries, lambs, game, mountain trout and goat cheese.
Surrounding the deepest inland part of the Sognefjord, surrounded by mountains, is Norway's most popular hiking destination, among which the most well known are the Jotunheimen National Park, Jostedalon National Park, Breheimen Country Park, Aurlandsdalen Valley and Utladalen. In addition to hiking, other popular activities include rafting, hiking, rock climbing, summer skiing and mountain biking.
About 30,000 local residents live in idyllic and pastoral lives in the small village next to the fjord and in the valley. Skjolden is located in the deepest inland area of ​​the Sognefjord. The village has about 200 permanent residents. Later, we will not give a detailed introduction. Let's take a look at the map.
After the fjord cruise is over, we are about to travel to Bergen via Myrdal, the famous Norwegian Flåm alpine railway Flåmsbana. In the small town of Flåm there was a museum dedicated to commemorating the milestone of the construction of the Flåm High-Rise Railway that year, and the author took a look inside.
As early as 1871, the Norwegian forest nurse Andreas Tanberg Gløersen proposed to build a railway connection between Oslo, the capital city, and Bergen, an important city, in order to facilitate traffic in Norway's two major fjords. The Bergen Railway was first started, followed by the need for a road linking Bergen with the town of Sognefjord.
In 1893, people began to make the first engineering exploration for the Flåm Railway. The result of the exploration is that due to the steep slope, most of the line will be in the form of an orbit called the "frictional railway" supplemented by a part of the cog railway. With high costs, the motion was not immediately put into practice.
After a long period of discussions, proposals, vetoes, and proposals, the Flåm Railway was finally officially opened in 1923, with a total of 120 workers in the early stage, but this number quickly grew to 280. The most time-consuming and labor-intensive operation in the project is the opening of a mountain tunnel. In total, there were 20 tunnels. For safety and technical needs, only two tunnels of about 6 kilometers in length were excavated by machinery. The remaining 18 were hand-hewn. Each meter of the tunnel consumed the railway workers. Even up to a month's time.
On August 1, 1940, the Flåm Railway was commissioned and operated four times a day. In 1941, Flambo ushered in the first official railway passengers. By 1943, electric trains were introduced. After completion, the Flåm Railway is one of the steepest standard railway lines in the world.
The thrilling part of this railway is that it is the steepest railway in Northern Europe. The altitude of the railway gradually decreases. The difference between the starting point and the end point is 865 meters. The average altitude is reduced by 1 meter for every 18 meters. The winding tunnel runs through the mountains and there are tunnels turning 180 degrees in the mountains. Therefore, this long-distance Flåm railway took 20 years to complete. It is a bold and bold project in Norwegian history and one of the most difficult railway projects in the history of the world’s railways. The world is rare.
Just because of Flåm is Norway's first railway to complete electrification, in the railway museum, you can see the model of the first electric locomotive EL14 and its derivative models in Norway.
The museum has a large number of pictures and objects displayed so that visitors can better review the details and circumstances of the construction of this complex railway.
Of course, the old EL14 locomotive is now eliminated. The Norwegian Railways NSB called the new EL18 locomotive to operate the railway in order to improve the efficiency of the Flåm Railway.
The Norwegian Railway Administration's EL18 electric locomotive, which is silver in the picture above, looks very bullet. It is the same model imported from the Swiss Re 460 electric locomotive, also known as Lok 2000, which is the Swiss Federal Railways. One of the electric locomotive models used by SBB is manufactured by SLM and ABB. The Re 460 is the largest batch of modern electric locomotives on the Swiss Federal Railways. It is also the first railway locomotive designed and manufactured according to the Swiss Federal Railways functional and technical mission statement. The locomotive adopts AC transmission, and the designed maximum speed is 230km/h. It is a general locomotive for passengers and cargo, but the actual application is mainly for traction passenger trains.
In other words, the same model has also introduced two cars to Hong Kong, China, and was used to operate the Guangzhou-Kowloon Express route from Guangzhou to Hung Hom in Kowloon.
In order to maintain the characteristics of this classic route, although the Norwegian Railways has introduced a modern locomotive, it is using this locomotive to continue to pull the Green Piggybacks and to keep the retro feeling of the line as much as possible, which is very gratifying.
In 2014, the Flåm High Mountain Railway was rated by Lonely Planet magazine as the most incredible train route in the world. The train departs from Fromm and passes through the fjord to the top of the mountain. During the 20-kilometer train journey, you will have the opportunity to admire the river pouring down through the bottomless canyons, waterfalls running down the cliffs, snow-capped mountains and alpine farms built on steep slopes.
Through the window of the train, photograph the sun going down. The sun illuminates the winding river and it is beautiful. In many parts of Europe, rail travel has always been a favorite and most enjoyable form of travel, especially in Norway, which has a long history of rail transport. After a long construction period, the Flåm Railway offers the opportunity to see Norway's most pristine, spectacular and natural scenery.
Along the 20-kilometer-long railway line, besides the whistle, there are waterfalls rushing from the cliffs and mountains, and it is not the railroad tracks but the rivers. Norway's forests contrast with snow and ice, embellishing farms, colored wooden houses, and even glaciers. These sights are so impressive that the Flåm Railway has become one of the most popular train tours in Europe.
(The above part is transferred from the official introduction of the Norwegian Tourism Bureau)
In the evening, we finally arrived at the last stop of our trip. The world-famous cultural heritage city of Bergen was already at 5 pm after we got off the train. We left for a little time before dinner and we went to see the street. .
Bergen is the second largest city in Norway and the largest and most beautiful port city on the west coast of Norway. It lies on the steep fjord line on the west coast of Norway. It leans against the bay and seven hilltops. Downtown is frequented by Byfjord. The Atlantic Ocean is a beautiful city of harbors. Due to the warm wind that was created by the influence of the warm currents in Mexico, Bergen became a rainy area. In 2000 Bergen was selected as one of the 9 European cultural cities. Its charm is demonstrated in theaters, dance, music, art, food and exhibitions.
Bergen was founded in 1070 by Olav Kyrre, who celebrated the 900th anniversary of the founding of the city in 1970. Bergen was an important city in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages. Until 1299, Bergen was the capital of Norway.
In 1163 (some say it was 1164), Scandinavia’s first coronation ceremony was held here, when Magnus Erlingsson was crowned King of Norway. In the late thirteenth century, Bergen was the most important liaison city in the Hansaen. Bergen became an important city because of its trade in dried cod. The transaction began around 1100, when the German businessmen in the Hanseatic League lived in their own communities. They communicated in Low German, and the Norwegian Norwegian fishermen traded with them each summer when they arrived in Bergen. privilege. To this day, it is still possible to find the situation in the area around the pier called Bryggen, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Pictured above is the Brigan Jetty. Two of the houses can be seen being renovated, but it is lovely to have a curtain that is close to the style of the house next to it so as not to affect the original appearance of the area.
In 1349, the Black Death was brought to Bergen by British sailors and became popular in Norway. In the 15th century, Bergen was repeatedly attacked by Victual brothers. In 1429, they burned most of the city, and the royal castle. In 1536, the Norwegian king foresaw the diminishing influence of the Germans, forcing the German businessman to become a Norwegian or to return home.
In 1665, the battle of VÃ¥gen was conducted in Bergen. One side was the British fleet and the other was the Dutch fleet. The Dutch were supported by the local garrison. Throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Bergen was the most important city in Scandinavia and the largest city in Norway. It was replaced by Oslo until 1850. Its trade monopoly in Northern Norway remained until 1789.
In 1916, parts of Bergen were destroyed by the fire. During the Second World War, Bergen began on April 9, 1940. After the Nazi Germans fought against the Norwegian coast artillery, they were ruled by German Nazis. On April 20, 1944, a German cargo ship loaded with 120 tons of explosives was fixed outside Bergenhus and then detonated, killing at least 150 people and destroying many historic buildings. Bergen is also one of the targets of the bombing of the Allied forces, because there are quite a lot of German naval equipment in the area, and various factors have caused the death of more than 100 civilians.
In 1972, Bergen and the surrounding municipal councils (Arna, Fana, Laksevåg, and Åsane) united and abolished the county system and formed its appearance today.
On the other side of the Brigan area is Bergen's other famous sight, the fish market.
The old Bergen fishery market has a long history and has been used since the beginning of the last century to the last few years. After its decommissioning, it has become an important tourist attraction in Bergen. Recently, the municipal government has invested in establishing a new fishery market and restoring the previous booming fishery trade. After the new market is established, it should be able to meet the needs of the entire city while integrating the history and background of the entire city. The entire design is spectacular. It looks like it was built on a large boat from the sea. It is located some distance from the land part of the city and was lifted four or five meters as if it were an isolated urban space. Although many changes have taken place in the shape, appearance, color, and materials of new markets, they still fully demonstrate their own cultural background in the world. From the perspective of an external transparent glass wall, you can still feel the face of this world cultural heritage. The top is equipped with a solar collector plate, which can supply indoor energy applications. This is the most striking design highlight of the Bergen fishery market. At present, the market's terminals have also been restored to the appearance of the 1900s, but its supporting facilities are incomparable with the year. Where sailing can be directly into the warehouse, you can repair and maintain the hull at the pier before entering and leaving the warehouse.
Here you can see a variety of fish and fish products such as roe and so on.
Tuna fish sashimi, the color and freshness are very high.
A large number of caviar, different brands of different quality, rich choice.
Peer media teachers introduced with the author, this is the legendary Arctic lobster, many parts of the body are blue, relatively rare, but also more expensive.
The king crab, you may all see much more. Japan also has many of them.
The sweet shrimps in the North Pole are piled up with piles of hawkers.
There are other kinds of fish and seafood. Some authors can't name what they are.
In addition to the live fish, these marinated fish may have even more flavor after being tasted.
Before leaving the fish market, I discovered that there are still deep-sea monsters (I really do not know what the fish is called), which is really scary...
As the second largest city in Norway, Bergen is indeed more advanced in terms of commercial and economic development than the small towns it used to visit. Convenience stores can be seen everywhere. It is also Norway's second McDonald's city in addition to Oslo. A cup of caramel-flavored chocolate is worth nearly RMB 20, which is quite high compared to other countries.
Since Norway is also a constitutional monarchy, and coincides with the death of Thai King, we pass by to discover that people on the streets spontaneously initiated activities to cherish the Thai king. The scene is very touching.
Bergen in the night. In Europe, shops are closed early and they can only go shopping. After 6 o'clock, most shops are closed.
Starting on the tenth day, we continue our tour of downtown Bergen and will begin preparing to return to the country the evening of the same day.
The day was Sunday and more than 9 in the morning was on the street. The entire street was basically empty. Street graffiti reminiscent of the classic photos taken by the Associated Press reporter Adams in Vietnam.
As with other European cities, pigeons are always everywhere. Take some scoops of the rest of the cookies and the pigeons immediately thrilled. Pick up the 5D4 in the hand and quickly press the shutter to take this picture.
Some street sculptures and buildings are not easily noticeable in the evening. The original color was very bright in the morning.
Returning to the fish market and the Brigan area that passed last night, it looks particularly delicate and beautiful in the morning.
Since the time is still relatively abundant, the author's pedestrians decided to go deep into the interior of Brigan, to see what is the situation in this row of small houses.
Of course, what can be seen at the first sight is the symbol of the World Cultural Heritage issued by UNESCO.
Due to the long history of the building, some houses in the Bryggen region have indeed been overwhelmed and have begun to feel awkward. It is no wonder why two houses have been repaired.
Nobody has lived here for longer in the interior of Brigan, more as a museum, bar or souvenir shop.
Our next arrangement is to take the Floian cableway. The panoramic view of Bergen in Norway is no more than Fløien. The hill in the northeast of Bergen is only 425 meters above sea level, but it is a good place for viewing.
In order to support our activities, the Norwegian Tourist Board provided us with the Bergen city passcard for our free use. Of course, this kind of travel card can also be purchased on the official channel every day. It is very convenient to use.
The panoramic view of the city of Bergen from the top of the hill is spectacular.
It is also convenient to use telephoto lenses to photograph various ships moored in the port of Bergen. The details of the following pictures will not be described in detail. Let's take a look at the picture.
After a group of people had lunch at the top of the hill, they continued to visit the city on the downhill. We passed the University of Bergen, a medium-sized church in the centre of Bergen, and the University of Bergen.
This is the very famous Grieg Hall in Bergen. In 1968, Norway's King Olav V laid the foundation for the Grieg Hall. Ten years later in 1977, the project was completed. The headquarters of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra is located here.
The concert hall commemorative Edvard Grieg (1843 ~ 1907), is one of Norway's only a few outstanding composers, but also in the second half of the nineteenth century Norwegian national music school representative. Grieg has experienced a period of high growth in the Norwegian national independence movement throughout his life and he has progressive democratic patriotism. He worked hard along the path pioneered by Boolean, Norac, etc., to study folk music.
It took more than an hour to leave the assembly and we finally went to the Bergen Kode Museum to see the flowers. The museum contains works of art from the Renaissance to the present, including many Chinese artifacts, 500 years of fine art and some temporary exhibitions as well as KODE Contemporary Art Exhibition. It also contains works of art from Norway from the 18th to the 19th century, in addition to the many important works of Edvard Munch. The collection includes works by Picasso, Paul Klee, Miró, and KunstLab, a children's art museum.
The KODE Museum is located on the lakeside in the centre of Bergen and consists of four exhibition halls. . KODE Hall 1 houses a collection of Chinese artifacts, 500 years of fine arts and temporary exhibitions. KODE Hall 2 hosts some temporary exhibitions of the year, including the KODE Contemporary Art Exhibition. KODE3 houses Norwegian works of art from the 18th to the 19th century, including many important works by Edvard Munch. KODE4 houses works by Picasso, Paul Klee, Miró, and KunstLab, a children's art museum.
I didn't take photos inside the museum. I wanted to admire Munch's works of art or watch the pictures or go to the scene to see more suitable than to see the photos. The only thing I did was to take a photo of this museum's light-transmitting glass from the first floor to the second floor. Photographs are a more distinctive composition.
The time flies quickly. Our 10-day trip will come to an end. Before we go, we will review the sky and blue sky and begin to miss Beijing's pure haze.
The first return journey from Bergen to Copenhagen took the Bombardier CRJ900 regional airliner, which is also used by many private jets.
Coinciding with the sunset, once again pat the "State of the Island" on the window of the plane, think about the beauty of the aurora, the fjord and so on that we have experienced. This is a truly memorable journey. Along the way, the Canon 5D MarkIV often accompanied her and photographed the batch of beautiful photos that everyone saw. I also hope that I can introduce the beautiful scenery of Norway to you through this article. Everyone who travels to Scandinavia will have the opportunity to physically experience the various customs and customs that the author has experienced.
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