Such as mobile phones, PC peripherals, remote controls, to automotive electronics , industrial stepper motors, robotic arm control, etc., can be seen in the MCU. This article will explain the development history of single-chip microcomputer and its application in many fields.
The development history of single chip microcomputer
The history of single-chip microcomputers is not long, but the development is very rapid. Its generation and development are basically in sync with the generation and development of microprocessors . Since Intel Corporation first introduced 4-bit microprocessors in 1971, its development has so far been roughly divided into five stages. The following is a representative of Intel's microcontroller development.
1971-1976
The initial stage of the development of microcontroller. In November 1971, Intel first designed the Intel 4004, a 4-bit microprocessor with 2000 transistors/chips. It was equipped with RAM, ROM and shift registers to form the first MCS-4 microprocessor. An 8-bit microprocessor, the Intel 8008, and an 8-bit microprocessor from other companies have been introduced.
1976-1980
Low performance microcontroller stage. The MCS-48 series introduced by Intel Corporation in 1976 is a monolithic structure that integrates an 8-bit CPU, an 8-bit parallel I/O interface, an 8-bit timer/counter, RAM, and ROM on a semiconductor chip. Its addressing range is limited (not more than 4 KB), there is no serial I/O, RAM, ROM capacity is small, and the interrupt system is simpler, but the function can meet the needs of general industrial control and intelligent instruments and meters.
1980-1983
High-performance microcontroller stage. High-performance 8-bit microcontrollers introduced at this stage typically have a serial port, a multi-stage interrupt processing system, and multiple 16-bit timer/counters. The on-chip RAM and ROM have an increased capacity and an addressing range of up to 64 KB. Individual slices also have an A/D conversion interface.
Late 1983-80s
16-bit microcontroller stage. In 1983, Intel introduced the high-performance 16-bit microcontroller MCS-96 series. Due to its latest manufacturing process, the chip integrates up to 120,000 transistors/chip.
1990s
The single-chip microcomputer develops to a higher level in all aspects of integration, function, speed, reliability, and application fields.
Analysis of Application Characteristics of Single Chip Microcomputer
According to the characteristics of single-chip microcomputer, the application of single-chip microcomputer is divided into single-machine application and multi-machine application. In an application system, using only one microcontroller is called a stand-alone application.
First, the range of single-chip applications of single-chip microcomputers includes:
(1) Measurement and control system. With the single-chip microcomputer, various less complicated industrial control systems, adaptive control systems, data acquisition systems, etc. can be constructed to achieve the purpose of measurement and control.
(2) Smart meters. MCU transformation of the original measurement, control instrumentation, instrument to promote digital, intelligent, multi-functional, comprehensive, flexible direction.
(3) Mechatronics products. The combination of single-chip microcomputer and traditional mechanical products makes the structure of traditional mechanical products simple and intelligent.
(4) Intelligent interface. In the computer control system, especially in the larger industrial measurement and control system, the control and management of the interface with the single-chip microcomputer, combined with the parallel operation of the single-chip microcomputer and the host computer, greatly improves the operating speed of the system.
(5) Intelligent civilian products. For example, in many products such as household appliances, toys, game consoles, audio-visual equipment, electronic scales, cash registers, office equipment, kitchen equipment, etc., the introduction of single-chip controllers not only greatly enhances the functions of the products, but also improves their performance. A good use effect.
Second, the multi-machine application system of single-chip microcomputer can be divided into function distribution system, parallel multi-machine processing and local network system.
(1) Functional distribution system. The multi-functional distribution system is a multi-machine system set up to meet the requirements of various peripheral functions of the engineering system.
(2) Parallel multi-machine control system. Parallel multi-machine control system mainly solves the rapid problem of engineering application system to form a large-scale real-time engineering application system.
(3) Local network system.
The single-chip microcomputer can be divided into general-purpose and special-purpose according to the application range. Dedicated models are designed for a specific product, such as a microcontroller for a thermometer, a microcontroller for a washing machine, and so on. In the general-purpose single-chip microcomputer, it can be divided into 4 bits, 8 bits, 16/32 bits according to the word length, although the computer microprocessor is now almost 32/64 bit world, 8-bit, 16-bit microprocessor. It has tended to shrink, but the situation of single-chip microcomputer is different. 8-bit single-chip microcomputer has low cost, low price and easy development. Its performance can meet most needs. Only in high-tech fields such as aerospace, automobile and robot, when high-speed processing of large amounts of data is required. Only need to select 16/32 bit, and in the general industrial field, 8-bit general-purpose single-chip microcomputer is still the most widely used single-chip microcomputer.
Summary: So far, China's MCU application and embedded system development has gone through more than 20 years of history. As embedded systems gradually penetrate into all aspects of social life, MCU courses are taught from traditional 8-bit processor platforms. The trend to switch to the 32-bit advanced RISC processor platform, but the 8-bit machine is still difficult to replace. The national economic construction, military and household appliances and other fields, especially mobile phones, auto navigation devices, PDAs, smart toys, smart home appliances, medical equipment and other industries are all industries in which MCU talent is urgently needed.
2.54mm (.100") Pin Headers
Antenk`s line of 2.54mm pitch pin headers are durably made for high vibration environments, for board-to-board or PCB to PCB Connectors, with industry-leading current of 3.0A. Designed for low-profile applications, this pin header is made from high-temperature thermoplastic and is offered with several means of connections and mounting styles such as through-hole (THM) or surface mount (SMT) and can be in vertical (straight), elevated or at a right angle configuration/orientation
Pin header customization is also available upon your request. The 2.54mm pitch pin header is highly recommendable for signal and low power PC board connections when space is at a premium and when 1.0mm and 1.27mm pitch headers cannot dissipate the required current. In addition, the 2.54mm pitch pin header holds an excellent mating quality that fits with various types of female connectors.
Applications of 2.54mm Pitch Pin Headers
Motherboard Connectors
The Motherboard of a computer holds together many of the crucial components such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices.
Printer Connectors
Automotive PC Connectors
Smart, high power automotive PC power supply garners its capabilities from quality pin headers, designed for general purpose battery powered applications. These are manufactured to provide power and to control the motherboards' switch based on ignition status.
Battery Connections
Rechargeable battery packs, battery balancers, battery eliminator circuits. Battery connections rely on the ability of the current to pass reliable and solid current. This prevents overheating in the circuit and voltage drop.
Medical Diagnostic and Monitoring equipment
Communications: Telecoms and Datacoms
Industrial and Automotive Control and Test
Mount Type: Through-hole vs Surface Mount
2.54mm pitch pin (male) headers are offered in either Surface-mount or Through-hole mount termination. At one side of this pin header is a series of pins which can either be mounted and soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB (SMT) or placed into drilled holes on the PCB (THM).
Through-Hole (Poke-In)
Best used for high-reliability products that require stronger connections between layers.
Aerospace and military products are most likely to require this type of mounting as these products experience extreme accelerations, collisions, or high temperatures.
Useful in test and prototyping applications that sometimes require manual adjustments and replacements.
2.54mm vertical single row header, 2.54mm vertical dual row header, 2.54mm Elevated single row pin header, 2.54mm Elevated dual row pin Header, 2.54mm Right-angle single row header and 2.54mm Right-angle dual row header are some examples of Antenk products with through-hole mount type.
Surface-Mount
The most common electronic hardware requirements are SMT.
Essential in PCB design and manufacturing, having improved the quality and performance of PCBs overall.
Cost of processing and handling is reduced.
SMT components can be mounted on both side of the board.
Ability to fit a high number of small components on a PCB has allowed for much denser, higher performing, and smaller PCBs.
2.54mm Right-angle Dual Row pin header, 2.54mm SMT Single row pin header, 2.54mm SMT Dual row pin header and 2.54mm Elevated Dual Row Pin Header are Antenk`s SMT pin headers.
Soldering Temperature for 2.54mm Pitch Pin Headers
Soldering SMT pin connectors can be done at a maximum peak temperature of 260°C for maximum 60 seconds.
Pin-Type: Vertical (Straight) and Right-Angle
2.54mm pitch headers may be further classified into pin orientation as well, such as vertical or straight male header or right-angle male header.
One side of the series of pins is connected to PCB board in which the pins can be at a right-angle to the PCB surface (usually called "straight" or [vertical") or.
Right-Angle Pin (Male) Header Orientation
Parallel to the board's surface (referred to as "right-angle" pins).
Each of these pin-types have different applications that fit with their specific configuration.
PCB Connector Stacking
Elevated Pin Header Orientation
Elevated pins aka Stacked Pins or Mezzanine are simply stacked pin headers providing an exact distance requirement between PCBs that optimizes electrical reliability and performance between PCB boards.
This type of configuration is the most common way of connecting board-to-board by a connector. First, the stacking height is calculated from one board to another and measured from the printed circuit board face to its highest insulator point above the PCB.
Single, Dual or Multiple Number of Rows
For a 1.0mm straight or vertical male pin header, the standard number of rows that Antenk offers ranges from 1 to 2 rows. However, customization can be available if 3, 4 or n number of rows is needed by the customer. Also, the number of contacts for the single row is about 2-40 pins while for dual row, the number contacts may vary from 2-80 pins.
Pin Material
The pins of the connector have been designed with copper alloy. With customer`s demand the pins can be made gold plated.
Breakaway design
The pin headers are also equipped with a breakaway design making them fully compatible with their female receptacles.
Custom 2.54mm Pitch Pin Headers
Customizable 2.54 mm pitch pin headers are also available, making your manufacturing process way faster as the pins are already inserted in the headers, insulator height is made at the right size and the accurate pin length you require is followed.
Parts are made using semi-automated manufacturing processes that ensure both precision and delicacy in handling the headers before packaging on tape and reel.
Tape and Reel Packaging for SMT Components
Antenk's SMT headers are offered with customizable mating pin lengths, in which each series has multiple number of of circuits, summing up to a thousand individual part number combinations per connector series.
The tape and reel carrier strip ensures that the headers are packaged within accurately sized cavities for its height, width and depth, securing the headers from the environment and maintaining consistent position during transportation.
Antenk also offer a range of custom Tape and reel carrier strip packaging cavities.
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ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.antenkcon.com