Last year, Tesla electric vehicles suffered several burning accidents, and their combustion was related to lithium batteries. Then in February of this year, Tesla electric car "fired again": a Canadian Tesla Model S electric car spontaneously ignited without plugging in...
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With the evolution of the times, the change of innovative technologies has constantly changed the way people live. From the consideration of various factors such as energy and air quality, electric vehicle technology came into being. Then, in the process of continuous improvement of electric vehicles to commercial use, how to protect the most important security issues?
Dr. Zhu Jing, Technical Manager of Battery Products Department of TÃœV SÃœD Greater China, pointed out that electric vehicles have the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, zero emissions, etc., and have attracted the attention of all countries. The governments of the United States, Germany, Japan and China have invested a lot of money. And issued relevant policies to support, and vigorously promote the development of key components and technologies for the electric vehicle industry and electric vehicles. However, the development of electric vehicle marketization cannot rely solely on government power. The upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain need to use this powerful Dongfeng to improve performance, ensure safety, reduce costs, and accelerate the market for electric vehicles. Therefore, through the safety evaluation of electric vehicles, especially the safety evaluation of batteries for electric vehicles, it is of great significance to closely control the quality of electric vehicles.
Dr. Zhu Jing, Technical Manager, Battery Products Division, Greater China, TÃœV SÃœD
Analyze battery test for electric vehicles
The so-called battery test is to design the experiment and evaluate the performance, reliability and safety of the battery in the design environment by simulating the target environment of the electric vehicle and the foreseeable abuse conditions.
Zhu Jing said that the general battery test program for electric vehicles first needs to evaluate the single cell (the cell is the most basic unit of the electric vehicle energy storage system), after evaluating the safety of the cell or battery unit group, the second The step requires testing the safety of the battery module and then extending it to the safety test of the battery pack or battery system.
How to ensure the safety during battery charge and discharge protection?
The battery for electric vehicles includes a battery management system (BMS), and its overcharge protection includes overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, and balancing functions to ensure safety. “In addition, we will monitor the temperature. When the battery is overcharged or abnormal, the temperature will rise locally, and the battery will be automatically cut off to make the battery relatively safe.â€
What are the problems that need to be solved?
Zhu Jing said frankly that battery safety testing is to evaluate battery safety by simulating foreseeable abuse conditions. Battery failure is divided into system failure and random failure. The so-called system failure is mainly caused by battery structure design, material selection defects and other reasons. The random failure usually has a low probability of occurrence due to random defects in the battery manufacturing process. The battery safety failure caused by the trigger or battery use is occasionally found. Battery safety testing can help identify potential system defects in the battery and reduce potential risks, but have to admit that with the development of electric vehicle technology and product complexity, battery safety testing needs to be improved to make it more effective. The actual application situation, effectively evaluate the safety of the battery. For example, a full life safety rating of the battery.
Standard evolution
Organizations involved in battery standards and test manuals for electric vehicles at this stage include the American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the American Advanced Battery Alliance (USABC), the Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and the International Electrotechnical Commission Standards Committee (IECEE). International Standards Committee (ISO), etc., related standards related to IEC62660, ISO12405, UN ECE R100 and so on. With the development of product technology, standards are gradually being updated to meet the needs of power battery products.
What are the differences between domestic and foreign standards?
Zhu Jing pointed out that the internationally accepted standards such as IEC, SAE, ISO, etc., in fact, the test items and content they are involved are basically similar, but there are differences in specific test parameters. The domestic battery standard QC/T 743 for electric vehicles is also being updated and improved.
What is the future standard?
Zhu Jing pointed out that the standards for batteries for electric vehicles will tend to be unified, including products, and will be gradually unified in the future, which is conducive to large-scale production, as well as technical stability and product stability.
At this stage, domestic standards have gradually developed on the basis of national standards. Based on these basic standards, various test data and statistical results are collected, and specific test standards are continuously refined.
TÃœV SÃœD core strengths
In the battery safety test certification for electric vehicles, TÜV SÜD provides customers with the TCTC (Training – Consulting – Test - Certificated) series of services.
In terms of training, TÃœV SÃœD will conduct safety training for operators as well as practical safety training in structural design.
In terms of technical consultation, TÃœV SÃœD will always follow the progress of the new laws and regulations, so that customers can ensure that the products meet the requirements of national laws and regulations during the research and development stage, avoid problems after product design and stereotypes, and thus take too long a development process to rectify.
As far as testing is concerned, TÃœV SÃœD is fully implemented in accordance with international standards. In view of the fact that corporate standards are often higher than current standards, TÃœV SÃœD has not yet provided tailor-made personalized testing requirements to help customers develop complementary test solutions during the research and development phase, minimizing test sample consumption and from test results. Capture more useful information.
As mentioned above, the battery safety test is actually looking for the boundary conditions of the battery, which is convenient to control the battery within the applicable range of the safety boundary in the protection board design, management system design and result design of the battery to ensure better battery. Cycle life and safety.
The future of electric vehicles: large-scale popularization is still far away?
As an emerging technology, the market needs to rely on state support in the early stage. Zhu Jing said that the market prospects are very broad in the future. At present, the electric vehicle market is in its infancy, and the state needs strong support to encourage battery companies, vehicle manufacturers and research institutes to actively participate in and enhance technology.
At this stage, ebus (electric buses) and electric taxis are mainly used. With ebus as a starting point, there are several advantages: ebus driving route is relatively fixed, the stroke is exact, and it is convenient to carry out corresponding maintenance, maintenance, monitoring and data collection on the battery. “The market is currently in the process of collecting and analyzing data, and ebus helps to form data accumulation.â€
Based on these experiences, the technology will gradually improve and develop. When it is stable, the days of large-scale popularization of electric vehicles are not far away.
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