Abstract: At a time when the world is coping with climate change, China promises to reduce its carbon intensity by 40-45% compared to 2005 by 2020. However, over 70% of China's current electricity demand still depends on coal-fired power generation. When the power industry moves toward low-carbon and vigorously develops new energy sources such as wind power and nuclear power, the thermal power industry is not far behind. Advanced coal-fired power generation and carbon reduction technologies are used to build new coal-fired power plants that are highly efficient and less polluting, contributing to energy conservation and emission reduction.
China's Power Demand Maintains Stable Growth At a time when the world is coping with climate change, China promises to reduce its carbon intensity by 40-45% compared to 2005. However, 70% of China’s current electricity demand depends on coal-fired power generation.
In the medium and long term, China is in the historical stage of building a well-to-do society in an all-round way. Industrialization and urbanization still have much room for development. The demand for electricity in the entire society will maintain a steady growth. At present, China is in an important period of accelerating industrialization and urbanization, and the trend of maintaining rapid growth in power demand will not change. It is expected that China's electricity demand will increase by 6% in 2010. By 2020, the total electricity demand in China will reach 7.67 trillion kwh, which is 2.2 times that of 2008.
From 2000 to 2009, the average annual growth rate of China's national economy was 9.86%, and the electricity consumption of the entire society increased from 137 billion kWh in 2000 to 364.3 billion kWh in 2009, with an average annual growth of 11.7%, which was higher than the economic growth. Speed ​​1.84 percentage points.
During the accelerated economic growth period, the basic guarantee role of electricity in economic and social development has become more prominent. Economic and social development has become more and more dependent on electricity, and the growth rate of electricity consumption is greater than the growth rate of GDP. The world-famous company Frost & Sullivan predicts that by 2020, China’s installed capacity of power generation will reach 1.64 billion kilowatts, with 67.0% of coal power, 23.0% of hydropower, 3% of nuclear power, and 70% of wind power and other bioenergy. %.
The International Energy Agency's forecast shows that by 2030, China's electricity generation will need to reach the level of the United States. At present, the United States has more than twice the power generation capacity in China. "If you want to get rid of the current power shortage, China will have to speed up the construction of new power stations. At the same time, it should increase the efficiency of energy use, especially in the industrial sector, in order to control the growth in power demand."
New energy sources such as wind power and nuclear power are developing rapidly. Zhang Guobao, director of the National Energy Administration, stated in his signature article “Scientific development: the fundamental path for the power industry to win challenges†that it is necessary to accelerate the development of nuclear power and strive to achieve 5% of the total installed power of nuclear power in 2020. Above; vigorously develop wind power and renewable energy, and form an independent equipment capacity of more than 10 million kilowatts per year as soon as possible, and strive to achieve 20 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity in China before and after 2010, build the world's largest wind power generation country; actively develop hydropower, and strive to By 2020, the installed capacity of hydropower will reach 300 million kilowatts.
China is a large coal-fired country and the pressure of carbon emissions is very high. At present, the country’s energy structure is still dominated by coal-fired power. Therefore, we must change the current status of energy structures. Wind power and nuclear power are the main development goals. In recent years, China's new energy has developed rapidly. Wind power installed capacity doubled for four consecutive years. In 2009, grid-connected wind power and solar power installed capacity reached 17.58 million kilowatts and 230,000 kilowatts respectively. The development of nuclear power has entered the fast lane, and it is currently the country with the largest scale of nuclear power construction in the world.
The "China Wind Power Development Report 2010" released recently shows that as of the end of 2009, China's newly installed capacity of wind power reached 13.8 million kilowatts, surpassing that of the United States, and becoming the country with the largest installed capacity of wind power in the world. The total number of newly installed wind turbines reached 10,129 units. , an average of 27 units a day, which is equivalent to erecting a fan every hour. At the same time, the cumulative installed capacity reached 25.8 million kilowatts, ranking second in the world.
The report predicts that by 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in China will reach 230 million kilowatts, which is equivalent to 13 Three Gorges power stations; the total generating capacity will reach 464.9 billion kwh, equivalent to replacing 200 thermal power plants.
The report estimates that the installed capacity of wind power in the world will reach 1 billion kilowatts by 2020, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 billion tons per year. This is equivalent to 50% to 75% of the 2020 emission reduction commitments made by developed countries in the Copenhagen Accord. By 2030, through the global forecast of 2.3 billion kilowatts of wind energy installed capacity, it can also reduce a total of 34 billion tons of carbon emissions.
Under the background of energy conservation and environmental protection, China has also transformed its “moderately developed nuclear power†into a policy of “proactively promoting the development of nuclear powerâ€, and has formulated the planning goal of “building 40 million kilowatts in 2020 and 18 million kilowatts under constructionâ€. According to the "Nuclear Power Mid-Long Term Development Plan 2005-2020" and the "New Energy Industry Revitalization and Development Plan (Draft)", it is mentioned that "the development goals of the nuclear power industry in 2011 and 2020 were respectively 12 million kilowatts and 86 million kilowatts." "According to the plan, it is estimated that in the future, China will add 8-10 units per year. The conservatively estimated market value should be between 6000 and 700 billion yuan, and the development prospect is very broad."
Analysts believe that in China, the share of power generated by nuclear power is too small. At present, it is only less than 2%, but the share of thermal power has reached more than 70%. Our dependence on thermal power is too heavy.
The development of thermal power with carbon reduction technology to promote development However, the current government's enthusiasm for the construction of clean energy will not change the dominance of thermal power in China's power supply structure in the next few years. Considering the long construction period of nuclear power and hydropower projects, wind power and solar power generation are difficult to expand rapidly due to factors such as cost and technology. In the future, the energy pattern of China's north-to-South coal transportation and west-to-east power transmission will continue to exist for a long time.
For a long time, China’s energy structure is dominated by coal, which accounts for 70% to 75% of the total primary energy production. About 78% of the power generation is coal-fired thermal power units, and 83% of the power generation. From coal power. It can be said that China's electricity is following the railway line.
Thermal power plants are the world's largest industry for carbon dioxide emissions. After fossil fuels are burned by thermal power plants, carbon dioxide emissions account for 30% of the world's total emissions of the same type of fuel, and account for about 24% of global emissions of human activities. In addition to the direct discharge of pollutants, the level of energy efficiency of thermal power generation is also relatively low. Reducing the proportion of thermal power generation is one of the greatest opportunities for promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits, and it is also the most critical area for the country to fulfill its 2020 emission reduction target.
In the condemnation and condemnation of China’s polluted global environment, people have overlooked the fact that in the past two years, China has become the world's leading builder of high-efficiency, low-pollution coal-fired power plants and is mastering this technology. At the same time, construction costs are reduced. The International Energy Organization pointed out in a report that “China has become the major market for advanced coal-fired power plants in the world and these power plants are equipped with high emission control systemsâ€.
Faced with the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, in the face of the pressure of profitable losses, the thermal power industry has not responded negatively. Instead, under the leadership of the state, it has actively pursued changes, applied advanced supercritical power generation technologies and automation technologies, and built efficient and low pollution. Coal-fired power plants contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction.
Experts point out that the least efficient power plants can only convert 27% to 36% of the energy contained in coal-fired power into electricity. The most efficient power plants have a conversion rate of up to 44%, which means that they can reduce nearly one-third of their greenhouse gas emissions compared to older power plants. At the same time, the thermal efficiency of industrial boilers and pure heating boilers is lower than that of thermal power boilers. These decentralized heat sources have high energy consumption, large pollution, and serious waste of resources. If thermal power plants that are both dominant in power generation and thermal efficiency supply power at the same time, large amounts of coal resources will be saved.
Experts predict that by 2020, China will fully master the design and manufacturing technology of ultra-supercritical 600,000-kilowatt and 1 million-kilowatt series of units. Supercritical and ultra-supercritical units will account for 30% of the total capacity of thermal power units, 2050 Will account for 50%.
According to CEC statistics, there are now 301 500MW-1000MW units in operation in thermal power plants in China, of which ultra-supercritical units account for 1/3. The power generation is close to 10% of the total electricity generated in the country. The average coal consumption for power supply is 315 g/kWh, which is 30 g/kWh lower than the national average power supply coal consumption. However, there is still a certain gap from the 300 g/kWh ratio in advanced countries. 90% of newly-built and under-constructed thermal power projects are super (super)critical units. If China realizes that super (super)critical units account for 50% of the country's thermal power plant assembly capacity, China's power supply coal consumption can reach 320-325 grams/year. Kilowatt hour level.
The data shows that the thermal efficiency of the most advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired units can reach 45%, and the thermal efficiency of the new-generation ultra-supercritical coal-fired units can reach more than 50%. In the future, a new generation of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation, supercritical circulating fluidized bed power generation, and integrated gasification combined cycle power generation will gradually become mainstream.
The development and trend of thermal power plant automation The main control system of thermal power plants is the key to ensure the safe and stable production of thermal power plants. With the rapid development of control technology and network technology and the continuous improvement of the control level and engineering scheme of the main control system of thermal power plants, the seamless integration of thermal power plant management information systems and main control systems will surely become the future thermal power plant management and control system. With the trend of development, the DCS system of traditional thermal power plants will surely move closer to this trend. It can be predicted that in the future, the application of automation technology in thermal power plants in China will likely develop at a faster rate.
The author believes that in view of the development trend of future integrated management and control of thermal power plants, thermal power plants will certainly accelerate into the IT era. Based on leading automation integration concepts, advanced Web technologies and the wide application of practical fieldbus technology products and solutions, thermal power plants will truly become a “transparent factoryâ€, which will form automation processes with power systems and power enterprise groups. The management of modern information networks has truly achieved a completely transparent communication link from the management information system to the on-site monitoring system to the field controller and even to the field I/O.
For example, the new generation of automated control systems can provide a wide range of remote I/O, distributed I/O, and field bus solutions to meet the decentralized requirements of coal transportation field equipment. They are widely used in power plant coal handling systems to greatly reduce the chemical plant The labor intensity of workers has been increased since the move. Combined with the rapid development of Ethernet control technology to establish a plant-wide auxiliary monitoring network, the unit control room to achieve the whole plant auxiliary workshop monitoring and control. This not only enables the intelligent production of thermal power plants, ensures the safety of workers, but also reduces the cost and energy consumption.
At present, well-known automation companies at home and abroad, such as ABB, Schneider, and Zhejiang Zhongzhong, provide automation products and mature technology solutions for the thermal power industry to the thermal power industry in accordance with the automation standards and characteristics of China's thermal power industry.
China's Power Demand Maintains Stable Growth At a time when the world is coping with climate change, China promises to reduce its carbon intensity by 40-45% compared to 2005. However, 70% of China’s current electricity demand depends on coal-fired power generation.
In the medium and long term, China is in the historical stage of building a well-to-do society in an all-round way. Industrialization and urbanization still have much room for development. The demand for electricity in the entire society will maintain a steady growth. At present, China is in an important period of accelerating industrialization and urbanization, and the trend of maintaining rapid growth in power demand will not change. It is expected that China's electricity demand will increase by 6% in 2010. By 2020, the total electricity demand in China will reach 7.67 trillion kwh, which is 2.2 times that of 2008.
From 2000 to 2009, the average annual growth rate of China's national economy was 9.86%, and the electricity consumption of the entire society increased from 137 billion kWh in 2000 to 364.3 billion kWh in 2009, with an average annual growth of 11.7%, which was higher than the economic growth. Speed ​​1.84 percentage points.
During the accelerated economic growth period, the basic guarantee role of electricity in economic and social development has become more prominent. Economic and social development has become more and more dependent on electricity, and the growth rate of electricity consumption is greater than the growth rate of GDP. The world-famous company Frost & Sullivan predicts that by 2020, China’s installed capacity of power generation will reach 1.64 billion kilowatts, with 67.0% of coal power, 23.0% of hydropower, 3% of nuclear power, and 70% of wind power and other bioenergy. %.
The International Energy Agency's forecast shows that by 2030, China's electricity generation will need to reach the level of the United States. At present, the United States has more than twice the power generation capacity in China. "If you want to get rid of the current power shortage, China will have to speed up the construction of new power stations. At the same time, it should increase the efficiency of energy use, especially in the industrial sector, in order to control the growth in power demand."
New energy sources such as wind power and nuclear power are developing rapidly. Zhang Guobao, director of the National Energy Administration, stated in his signature article “Scientific development: the fundamental path for the power industry to win challenges†that it is necessary to accelerate the development of nuclear power and strive to achieve 5% of the total installed power of nuclear power in 2020. Above; vigorously develop wind power and renewable energy, and form an independent equipment capacity of more than 10 million kilowatts per year as soon as possible, and strive to achieve 20 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity in China before and after 2010, build the world's largest wind power generation country; actively develop hydropower, and strive to By 2020, the installed capacity of hydropower will reach 300 million kilowatts.
China is a large coal-fired country and the pressure of carbon emissions is very high. At present, the country’s energy structure is still dominated by coal-fired power. Therefore, we must change the current status of energy structures. Wind power and nuclear power are the main development goals. In recent years, China's new energy has developed rapidly. Wind power installed capacity doubled for four consecutive years. In 2009, grid-connected wind power and solar power installed capacity reached 17.58 million kilowatts and 230,000 kilowatts respectively. The development of nuclear power has entered the fast lane, and it is currently the country with the largest scale of nuclear power construction in the world.
The "China Wind Power Development Report 2010" released recently shows that as of the end of 2009, China's newly installed capacity of wind power reached 13.8 million kilowatts, surpassing that of the United States, and becoming the country with the largest installed capacity of wind power in the world. The total number of newly installed wind turbines reached 10,129 units. , an average of 27 units a day, which is equivalent to erecting a fan every hour. At the same time, the cumulative installed capacity reached 25.8 million kilowatts, ranking second in the world.
The report predicts that by 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in China will reach 230 million kilowatts, which is equivalent to 13 Three Gorges power stations; the total generating capacity will reach 464.9 billion kwh, equivalent to replacing 200 thermal power plants.
The report estimates that the installed capacity of wind power in the world will reach 1 billion kilowatts by 2020, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 billion tons per year. This is equivalent to 50% to 75% of the 2020 emission reduction commitments made by developed countries in the Copenhagen Accord. By 2030, through the global forecast of 2.3 billion kilowatts of wind energy installed capacity, it can also reduce a total of 34 billion tons of carbon emissions.
Under the background of energy conservation and environmental protection, China has also transformed its “moderately developed nuclear power†into a policy of “proactively promoting the development of nuclear powerâ€, and has formulated the planning goal of “building 40 million kilowatts in 2020 and 18 million kilowatts under constructionâ€. According to the "Nuclear Power Mid-Long Term Development Plan 2005-2020" and the "New Energy Industry Revitalization and Development Plan (Draft)", it is mentioned that "the development goals of the nuclear power industry in 2011 and 2020 were respectively 12 million kilowatts and 86 million kilowatts." "According to the plan, it is estimated that in the future, China will add 8-10 units per year. The conservatively estimated market value should be between 6000 and 700 billion yuan, and the development prospect is very broad."
Analysts believe that in China, the share of power generated by nuclear power is too small. At present, it is only less than 2%, but the share of thermal power has reached more than 70%. Our dependence on thermal power is too heavy.
The development of thermal power with carbon reduction technology to promote development However, the current government's enthusiasm for the construction of clean energy will not change the dominance of thermal power in China's power supply structure in the next few years. Considering the long construction period of nuclear power and hydropower projects, wind power and solar power generation are difficult to expand rapidly due to factors such as cost and technology. In the future, the energy pattern of China's north-to-South coal transportation and west-to-east power transmission will continue to exist for a long time.
For a long time, China’s energy structure is dominated by coal, which accounts for 70% to 75% of the total primary energy production. About 78% of the power generation is coal-fired thermal power units, and 83% of the power generation. From coal power. It can be said that China's electricity is following the railway line.
Thermal power plants are the world's largest industry for carbon dioxide emissions. After fossil fuels are burned by thermal power plants, carbon dioxide emissions account for 30% of the world's total emissions of the same type of fuel, and account for about 24% of global emissions of human activities. In addition to the direct discharge of pollutants, the level of energy efficiency of thermal power generation is also relatively low. Reducing the proportion of thermal power generation is one of the greatest opportunities for promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits, and it is also the most critical area for the country to fulfill its 2020 emission reduction target.
In the condemnation and condemnation of China’s polluted global environment, people have overlooked the fact that in the past two years, China has become the world's leading builder of high-efficiency, low-pollution coal-fired power plants and is mastering this technology. At the same time, construction costs are reduced. The International Energy Organization pointed out in a report that “China has become the major market for advanced coal-fired power plants in the world and these power plants are equipped with high emission control systemsâ€.
Faced with the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, in the face of the pressure of profitable losses, the thermal power industry has not responded negatively. Instead, under the leadership of the state, it has actively pursued changes, applied advanced supercritical power generation technologies and automation technologies, and built efficient and low pollution. Coal-fired power plants contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction.
Experts point out that the least efficient power plants can only convert 27% to 36% of the energy contained in coal-fired power into electricity. The most efficient power plants have a conversion rate of up to 44%, which means that they can reduce nearly one-third of their greenhouse gas emissions compared to older power plants. At the same time, the thermal efficiency of industrial boilers and pure heating boilers is lower than that of thermal power boilers. These decentralized heat sources have high energy consumption, large pollution, and serious waste of resources. If thermal power plants that are both dominant in power generation and thermal efficiency supply power at the same time, large amounts of coal resources will be saved.
Experts predict that by 2020, China will fully master the design and manufacturing technology of ultra-supercritical 600,000-kilowatt and 1 million-kilowatt series of units. Supercritical and ultra-supercritical units will account for 30% of the total capacity of thermal power units, 2050 Will account for 50%.
According to CEC statistics, there are now 301 500MW-1000MW units in operation in thermal power plants in China, of which ultra-supercritical units account for 1/3. The power generation is close to 10% of the total electricity generated in the country. The average coal consumption for power supply is 315 g/kWh, which is 30 g/kWh lower than the national average power supply coal consumption. However, there is still a certain gap from the 300 g/kWh ratio in advanced countries. 90% of newly-built and under-constructed thermal power projects are super (super)critical units. If China realizes that super (super)critical units account for 50% of the country's thermal power plant assembly capacity, China's power supply coal consumption can reach 320-325 grams/year. Kilowatt hour level.
The data shows that the thermal efficiency of the most advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired units can reach 45%, and the thermal efficiency of the new-generation ultra-supercritical coal-fired units can reach more than 50%. In the future, a new generation of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation, supercritical circulating fluidized bed power generation, and integrated gasification combined cycle power generation will gradually become mainstream.
The development and trend of thermal power plant automation The main control system of thermal power plants is the key to ensure the safe and stable production of thermal power plants. With the rapid development of control technology and network technology and the continuous improvement of the control level and engineering scheme of the main control system of thermal power plants, the seamless integration of thermal power plant management information systems and main control systems will surely become the future thermal power plant management and control system. With the trend of development, the DCS system of traditional thermal power plants will surely move closer to this trend. It can be predicted that in the future, the application of automation technology in thermal power plants in China will likely develop at a faster rate.
The author believes that in view of the development trend of future integrated management and control of thermal power plants, thermal power plants will certainly accelerate into the IT era. Based on leading automation integration concepts, advanced Web technologies and the wide application of practical fieldbus technology products and solutions, thermal power plants will truly become a “transparent factoryâ€, which will form automation processes with power systems and power enterprise groups. The management of modern information networks has truly achieved a completely transparent communication link from the management information system to the on-site monitoring system to the field controller and even to the field I/O.
For example, the new generation of automated control systems can provide a wide range of remote I/O, distributed I/O, and field bus solutions to meet the decentralized requirements of coal transportation field equipment. They are widely used in power plant coal handling systems to greatly reduce the chemical plant The labor intensity of workers has been increased since the move. Combined with the rapid development of Ethernet control technology to establish a plant-wide auxiliary monitoring network, the unit control room to achieve the whole plant auxiliary workshop monitoring and control. This not only enables the intelligent production of thermal power plants, ensures the safety of workers, but also reduces the cost and energy consumption.
At present, well-known automation companies at home and abroad, such as ABB, Schneider, and Zhejiang Zhongzhong, provide automation products and mature technology solutions for the thermal power industry to the thermal power industry in accordance with the automation standards and characteristics of China's thermal power industry.
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