The Delay Line plays a crucial role in digital signal processing, with applications spanning from communication systems to image processing and control algorithms. One of the most common uses is in FIR filter design, where data delay lines are essential for implementing the tapped delay structure. Additionally, latency is often required in pipeline architectures to ensure proper timing and synchronization between different stages of processing.
This paper presents an efficient implementation of a delay line using Embedded Block RAM (EBR), commonly referred to as BRAM in Xilinx devices and Embedded Memory in Altera FPGAs. The EBR is configured as a single-port RAM, specifically named RAM_DQ, with a read-before-write mode enabled. This configuration ensures that when both reading and writing occur at the same address, the existing data is first retrieved before the new value is written. This approach prevents potential data corruption and ensures accurate data flow.
As shown in the diagram below, the write operation is carefully timed to avoid conflicts. The waveform illustrates the behavior of the system under this mode. When the counter is set to 4 and the WE (Write Enable) signal is held high, the initial content of the RAM is all zeros. The timing diagram then demonstrates how data is sequentially written into the memory locations.
In the first frame, data A is written to address 0, B to address 1, C to address 2, and D to address 3. In the next frame, the output reads back the previously stored values, showing that the delay line effectively holds the data for one cycle. Due to the inclusion of output registers, there is a total of five clock cycles of latency between the input (DIN) and the output (DOUT). This makes the design suitable for applications requiring controlled delay and synchronization in complex digital systems.
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