Delay lines play a crucial role in digital signal processing, offering versatile applications across various domains. One of the most common uses is in FIR filter design, where data delay lines are essential for implementing the necessary time delays. Additionally, data latency is a fundamental requirement in pipeline architectures, making delay lines an integral part of many digital systems. This paper presents an efficient implementation approach using EBR (Embedded Block RAM), known as BRAM in Xilinx and Embedded Memory in Altera.
As illustrated below, the EBR is configured as a single-port RAM, specifically labeled as RAM_DQ. The write mode is set to "read before write," which ensures that when a read and write operation occur at the same address simultaneously, the existing data at that address is first read out before the new data is written in. This behavior is critical for maintaining data integrity and avoiding potential race conditions during simultaneous access.
The waveform representation of this mode is shown below, demonstrating how the read and write operations interact within the same clock cycle. By using this configuration, the system can efficiently manage data flow while ensuring predictable timing characteristics.
When the counter is set to mode 4 and the WE (Write Enable) signal is held high, the initial value of the RAM is 0. The timing diagram below illustrates the sequence of operations. In the first frame, the data at address 0 is 0, and data A is written into it. Similarly, data B is written to address 1, C to address 2, and D to address 3.
In the second frame, the output reads back the previously stored values. That is, the data from address 0 now shows A, address 1 shows B, address 2 shows C, and address 3 shows D. Because we have enabled output registers, there is a total of five clock cycles of latency between the input (DIN) and the output (DOUT). This latency is an important consideration when designing systems that require precise timing control.
Overall, this implementation demonstrates a reliable and efficient way to use EBR for creating delay lines in digital systems. It provides a clear understanding of how memory blocks can be utilized to achieve controlled data delays, which is particularly useful in high-speed and real-time applications. By leveraging the features of EBR, such as read-before-write functionality and configurable timing, designers can optimize their systems for performance and reliability.
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