Smart home wireless sensor network technology

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is developed with the development of microelectronics technology, embedded technology computing technology and communication technology. As people began to consider the integration of sensor technology with the network and achieve close information transmission of “people, people and things, things and things”, wireless sensor networks came into being. The wireless sensor network integrates information collection, information processing and information transmission. Its appearance shortens the distance between people and people, people and things, and things and things. Wireless sensor networks use various sensors to sense temperature, pressure, humidity, sound, pulse and other state parameters to provide users with the required information. They are widely used in medical care, smart homes, industrial control environment monitoring and forecasting, military, and building status. Monitoring and other fields, therefore has a very broad application prospects, is considered to be one of the important application technologies in the 21st century, will have a profound impact on human life and work methods, in recent years by the academic community at home and abroad generally attention. In 2000, the U.S. Department of Defense classified the sensor network as one of the five most sophisticated fields of defense. In 2002, the American OAK company predicted: The IT era is changing from The Network is Computer to The Network is Sensor. In 2003, the U.S. "Technical Review" took wireless network technology as the first of the top ten technologies to change human life.

The wireless sensor network is a multi-hop self-organizing network system formed by a large number of inexpensive micro sensor nodes deployed in the detection area and formed through wireless communication. Different from the conventional wireless network, the wireless sensor network is a special wireless communication network. It is usually data-centered and uses multi-hop wireless communication. It is a network system that integrates sensing, convergence and control; it does not need to be fixed. The support of the network has the characteristics of dormancy, energy saving, and strong destruction resistance. Universal sensor nodes are usually distributed to areas that need to be monitored. The number of nodes is large, the distribution environment may be complex and changeable, and the nodes are prone to various failures due to environmental factors or energy factors, and the topology of the network may change in real time. The sensor nodes may be scattered in any geographic location and have geographic uncertainty. These nodes rapidly self-organize according to internal protocols. There is a gateway node in the ad hoc network. The sensor data of the end node reaches the gateway after multi-hop routing. The nodes, the gateway nodes transmit the sensing data to the remote monitoring center through the satellite, Internet mobile communication network and other transmission methods.

Since wireless sensor networks are data-centric special networks, each sensor node takes into account the dual functions of terminals and routers of traditional network nodes in terms of network functions. In addition to local information collection and data processing, it also forwards data to other nodes. The incoming data is stored, managed, and converged, and it also cooperates with other nodes to complete specific tasks. The processing capability, storage capacity, and communication capability of the gateway node are stronger than that of the sensor node. It connects the wireless sensor network and the external network such as the Internet to realize the conversion of the communication protocol between the two protocol stacks. It also publishes the monitoring tasks of the management node and collects the data. To the data forwarding Liu external network. The gateway node can be either a sensor node with enhanced functions and sufficient resources, or a dedicated device with no monitoring function and only a wireless communication interface.

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