With the ship playing a more and more important role in China's maritime traffic in recent years, ships provide favorable conditions for the development of our economy and the development of transportation networks. Ships can play a role in the sea and the normal work of the steering gear is disengaged. Can't be related. The ability of the ship to make changes in direction at sea is achieved by relying on a rudder mounted on the rear of the ship. From this it can be seen how important the steering gear is to the role of the ship. When the ship is in normal shipping, if the steering gear fails, one can imagine how much damage will be done to the safety of the ship and the crew. Therefore, strengthening the safety management of the steering gear and avoiding potential safety hazards as far as possible are not only the requirements for the normal development of shipping, but also the performance of the lives of the crew and flight attendants in China.
This article first introduced the main reasons for the failure of the steering gear, followed by a description of how to deal with the failure of the steering gear, and finally introduced the focus of the daily maintenance of the steering gear and the countermeasures to improve the emergency response capacity of the ship.
The main reason for the failure of the steering gear1. The loss of power to the ship causes the steering gear to fail to work properly.
2. The failure of the hydraulic power system causes the steering gear to fail to work properly.
3, bearing failure caused the servo can not rotate normally.
4. Damage to steering gears and rudder blades caused by bottom scraping or stranding of ships.
1. General emergency measures:
1 The steering gear was found to be out of order during the voyage. The bridge should first be converted to an auxiliary steering system and the captain and cabin attendants should be informed.
2 The crew on duty immediately starts the auxiliary or emergency steering gear and notifies the chief engineer.
The captain of the 3 turbine quickly went to the steering engine room and organized the cabin crew to perform corresponding operations and repairs.
4 The captain went to the bridge and directed the emergency operation of the ship in accordance with the damage of the steering gear.
2. Emergency measures taken when the steering gear fails due to failure of the control system
The failure of the control system of the steering gear means that the bridge cannot effectively operate the steering gear through the main and auxiliary steering gears. At this time, the following emergency measures should be taken:
1 In the process of emergency steering of the steering gear, the crewman on duty cannot keep away from the control console, manipulate the host according to the order, and execute the commands of the master and the chief engineer.
2 The captain should arrange a pilot and sailor to the steering engine room to answer the pilot's rudder and coordinate with the pilot to steer the steering gear.
3 Engineers should guide the steering crew on duty to steer as soon as possible so that they can independently operate the emergency steering gear.
4 Engine room personnel should strengthen the duty of the turbine and do their best to repair the main and auxiliary steering gears of the cab so as to restore the functions as soon as possible.
5 Report to the company on the failure of the main and auxiliary steering gears of the cab, and request to proceed to the relevant port on the nearest coast to be able to repair the main and auxiliary steering gears for repair.
6 Captains made detailed accident reports: the time of failure, sea conditions, location, causes, emergency repairs and measures taken and possible support needed.
3. Emergency measures taken when the steering gear fails due to power failure:
The captain should direct himself to the bridge and call the deck staff to take emergency measures.
1 If the ship is sailing at sea, then:
A. On-duty pilots shall display the lights and numbers according to the provisions of the "International Signal Regulations" and "International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea."
B. Strengthen outlook and issue announcements with VHF.
C. The host can be used to manoeuvre the ship and leave the route safely. If the water depth is appropriate, it should be ready to anchor.
D. Replace any spare steering gear.
2 If the ship is sailing in or out of a port or a narrow waterway, it should:
A. Immediately prepare the anchor and select the proper place to anchor it as soon as possible.
B. Lights and numbers are displayed in accordance with the "International Signal Rules" and "International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea."
C. Strengthen hopes and issue announcements with VHF to alert the safety of ships coming and going.
D. If necessary, Hong Kong is required to send a tugboat to assist in towing.
â—Ž If the engine repair department is difficult or ineffective in repairing itself, the chief engineer shall immediately report to the captain explaining the reason for the malfunction of the steering gear, the emergency repair measures that have been carried out, the support to be provided, and the measures to be taken for further preparation.
1. Check the effectiveness of the emergency rudder
The inspection of the emergency rudder generally requires the ship to conduct an actual operation of the emergency rudder, observe whether the emergency rudder can be used, and whether the operation is normal. When inspecting the operating conditions of the rudder, there should normally be two ship drivers and engineers working together. A pilot issued a rudder on the bridge and the engineers observed the rudder response to the steering gear. The steering gear should run steadily during the rudder operation and there should be no intermittent noise. When running from one side of the full rudder to the other side of the full rudder, it should reflect the time requirements that are sensitive and can be achieved.
2, check the accuracy of the rudder angle indicator
The rudder angle indicator is installed on the steering gear. The rudder angle indicator is used to correctly display the exact position of the rudder blade rotation. The angle index displayed by the rudder angle indicator should be consistent with the steering angle of the steered steering wheel. When the rudder angle indicator shows inaccurate, it will affect the driver's manipulation of the ship, causing the driver's judgment to produce an error, which may cause the ship to touch the accident. When checking the accuracy of the rudder angle indication, the driver and the engine engineer cooperate with each other. A driver looks at the pilot's inspection rudder angle indicator on the bridge, and another engineer observes the steering gear at the rudder. The readings shown by the upper rudder angle indicator should both be the same.
3, check the effectiveness of rudder angle limiter
The rudder angle limiter is used to protect the hydraulic cylinder. When the rudder angle is rotated to the maximum angle, the piston of the oil cylinder continues to compress the liquid oil, and the rudder blade can continue to be deflected, so that the pressure in the oil cylinder is continuously increased and the oil cylinder is easily broken. The existence of the rudder angle limiter makes the limit switch actuate when the rudder angle is rotated to the maximum angle, and the limit switch disconnects the power of the motor and functions to protect the oil cylinder. Therefore, when inspecting the rudder angle limiter, the engineer should allow the ship driver to fill up the left and right rudders respectively, and observe whether the rudder angle limiter will work when the rudder angle is turned to the maximum angle. Otherwise, the ship should be required to repair it.
4. Check the sealing performance of the rudder's hydraulic system
The rotation of the rudder blade is achieved by relying on the hydraulic pressure transmitted by the fluid in the cylinder. Therefore, the hydraulic system of the steering gear must ensure that there is no leakage of oil, no leakage of air, and no accumulation of gas, so that the purpose of transmitting hydraulic pressure can be achieved. The sealing performance of the hydraulic system plays a very important role in the normal operation of the servo. When inspecting the steering gear, engineers should pay attention to observing whether the surface and inner surface of the steering gear are clean and tidy and whether there is oil stains. Also, check whether there is any trace of rust on the surface of the oil.
5, check the quality of hydraulic oil
Hydraulic oil is the normal working medium of the hydraulic steering gear and is the guarantee for the hydraulic servo to maintain good performance. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea recognizes that the hydraulically operated steering gear should be provided with means for keeping the liquid clean in the form and design of the hydraulic system.
1. Improve the knowledge structure and improve the level of ship control
The superb business skills enable the crew to avoid mistakes during operation, stabilize their minds when responding to emergencies, have a bottom in mind and not panic. Improving the knowledge structure of the crew The most important aspect of the crew's handling skills is the enhancement of crew training. It is necessary to do a good job in the training of seafarers’ business skills and qualities, pre-post training, and on-board training.
2, emphasis on safety education to improve everyone's responsibility
Navigation is a high-risk career, and the strength of the crew's work responsibilities directly affects the safety and effectiveness of the ship. It can be seen from some previous ship accident cases that most accidents are caused by the crew’s work negligence and lack of responsibility. of. Therefore, as the captain, a complete and effective safety education model should be established on the ship. Based on the structure of the ship, voyage tasks, navigational waters, the age of the crew, the knowledge structure of the crew, etc., a management system suitable for own ship should be formulated to foster awareness of safety culture and carry out safety. Knowledge training, continuously improve the crew's safety awareness, improve safety operation skills, and enhance safety responsibility. Safety education can not be in the form, it must be truly rooted in the minds of each crew member and implemented into action.
3. Strengthen Emergency Drills to Improve Responsiveness
Ships sail at sea, far from land, and in the event of an accident, they rely heavily on the crew to save themselves. This requires the crew to continuously test the practicality and reliability of the established emergency plan through emergency drills. At the same time, it is also necessary to test whether the crew members have clear personal responsibilities and the team's ability to work together in an emergency. Through emergency training, the crew can improve their ability to avoid accidents and resist disasters. Through drills, we can find out the shortcomings of the emergency plan and continuously improve and perfect it.
Regular training can enhance the crew's resilience and improve emergency command and decision-making. After completing the various exercises required by the system, it is necessary to formulate emergency drills in line with the ship in accordance with the ship's voyages, missions, navigation areas, and ship conditions. If you often go through narrow waters, you need to practice the host emergency operation and servo emergency operations. If you often sail in pirate waters, you need to conduct frequent anti-pirate exercises.
4, strict supervision procedures, good security check
There are many types of safety inspections for ships, such as port state inspections, inspections by flag state governments, inspections by classification society surveyors, and external inspections by the ISM according to international safety management rules and internal audits by management companies. The purpose of various inspections conducted by different agencies is to assess the implementation status of the company's safety management system and the effectiveness of the SMS system. No matter what type of inspection is concerned, as long as the ship strictly implements procedures, accidents can be minimized. As long as strict supervision procedures are found, loopholes in the system will be discovered, and the system will be continuously improved and enriched, further identifying and cutting off the accident chain. Links to avoid accidents. As ship personnel, we must actively cooperate with various inspections because the purpose of inspections is to find problems, find loopholes in management, and take effective measures to avoid accidents.
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