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According to Swiss neurologist and co-founder of Starmind, Pascal 燢aufmann, artificial intelligence is experiencing difficulties today, because today's companies compare human brains to computers. However, the brain's handling of information, the retrieval of knowledge, and the storage of memories do not work like computers.
Artificial intelligence has nothing to do with big data
"When companies claim to use artificial intelligence to support next-generation products, they are subconsciously referring to the intersection of big data, logic analysis, and automation. Nowadays so-called artificial intelligence is usually just the concentration of programmers' personal intelligence into source code. Among them, Kaufmann, who worked in robotics at the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, said.
“We shouldn’t need to look at 300 million photos to determine whether something is a cat, a cow or a dog.†Intelligence has nothing to do with big data, but it is related to small data. You see a cat, if you can grasp and extract the essential characteristics of the cat like a child, and then you can recognize the cat after seeing it, this is called intelligence.
AlphaGo is not a real artificial intelligence
AlphaGo, developed by Google’s DeepMind, is well-versed in the most demanding strategy game that human beings respect – Go. Kaufmann said that creating AlphaGo miracles is not "real AI." "The technology used by AlphaGo can predict the next 10 to 20 potential moves. This is not the highest strategic strategy for successful battles," he said. "So this test is just a typical rule-based strategy, not true artificial intelligence." â€
Kaufmann thinks artificial intelligence will cheat without being programmed. According to him, the ability of a machine to formulate strategies outside of the rules of the game can reflect whether it is true artificial intelligence. In addition, he insists that "the ability of human behavior or manual automation does not necessarily mean that the machine becomes smarter." Take the water pump as an example. Instead of taking water from the river, you can use a pump to collect the water. But this is not artificial intelligence. It is only the automation of manual work... Human-level artificial intelligence should be able to foresee new situations. â€
How far are we from real artificial intelligence?
Facebook plans to build a brain-computer interaction interface, and Elon Musk plans to combine human brain and artificial intelligence, which can not help but wonder, how far we are from the development of real artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, Kaufmann believes that the “brain code†needs to be cracked before we actually advance this field. He said that this can only be achieved through the study of neuroscience.
Earlier this year, DeepMind founder Demis 燞assabis expressed similar views in a paper. He believes that the artificial intelligence and neuroscience fields need to re-establish contact, and we can only develop artificial intelligence by mining natural intelligence. “A lot of companies are investing in their resources to build faster computers... We need to pay more attention to how the brain works and understand how it works... not just copy/paste information,†he said. Say.
Artificial intelligence has two advantages and disadvantages
Kaufmann admits that he did not have an answer, but when he found that well-known entrepreneurs like Musk and Zuckerberg would have such a big difference in their perceptions of artificial intelligence, they thought it was very "interesting." In July of this year, Musk and Zuckerberg clashed with each other. The former warned that "evil AI" would destroy humans if not properly monitored and supervised, while the latter optimistically stated that artificial intelligence helps. To improve human health, such as diagnosing disease before the disease worsens.
"One is very vigilant with artificial intelligence, and the other thinks artificial intelligence looks fascinating... Like all other technologies, artificial intelligence has two pros and cons," said 燢aufmann. He believes that artificial intelligence needs to be assessed objectively. In the meantime, he believes that there is a need to redesign the system so that humans and machines work together rather than confront each other. For example, Kaufmann conceives that in the future humans will wear smart contact lenses (similar to Google glasses) and use them as the "third part of the brain," and obtain relevant information based on the conversations they are conducting.
The key difference between man and machine lies in the ability to ask questions.
Kaufmann said: "Mankind does not need to learn something like the Romans killed other Romans. Humans only need to be able to ask the right questions. The key difference between man and machine is the ability to ask questions." And machines are more often used Solve the problem. However, Osborne admits that many times, humans do not know how to ask the right questions, because we were taught to remember the facts when we were at school, and those who remembered the most facts were the best performers. He believes that people need to receive education should be how to ask the right questions, and added that asking questions is half of the solution. "The correct question will not only make humans understand the principles of the brain and develop real artificial intelligence, but it will also allow us to maintain relevant links when the artificial intelligence system proliferates," according to Kaufmann.
Human and Machine Establish a Symbiotic Relationship
"If we want to slow unemployment, then we need to design artificial intelligence systems to put people in the center," Kaufmann said. "Although many companies want to fully automate the work of humans, we want to establish a symbiotic relationship between humans and machines." We want to improve human intelligence. He added: "If people do not accept the latest technology, they will become irrelevant."
Google is essentially a "big data machine"
The company claims that its self-learning system can automatically connect and map out a large group of people's internal knowledge systems, allowing employees to tap the company’s think tank or “company brains†if there is a problem. "Starmind's integration into existing communication channels - like Skype for commercial or corporate browsers - eliminates the need to change employee behavior," said Kaufmann. If the expert's answer has been stored in Starmind, the questions typed in the question window are immediately answered, and based on skills, availability patterns, and willingness to share knowledge, new questions are automatically sent to the appropriate experts within the organization. At the same time, all the answers can enhance the company's knowledge base.
"Our vision is that if you connect thousands of human brains in a clever way, you can be smarter than any machine," he said.
Regarding this different from asking search engines to find answers, he said that Google is essentially a "big data machine." It seeks answers from the questions that have already been answered, but it cannot answer new questions.
To improve human intelligence is imminent
"The future of Starmind is that before we have been asked a question, we will make predictions about the problem because we understand employees well." For example, if you are a new employee and you consume a certain part of the content, then In the next three minutes, you will have 90% of the possibilities to ask the following three questions, so the next step is the solution.
Currently, "Starmind" is currently used by many companies in more than 40 countries around the world, including Accenture, Bayer, Nestlé, and Telefonica's German operations. Kaufmann believes that it is important to improve human intelligence in time rather than copying it artificially. Nevertheless, he does believe that artificial intelligence will eventually replace humans in the workplace. But unlike the dismal picture depicted by critics, he does not think this is a bad thing.
"In the end why do humans need to work?" I look forward to all my spare time.燢aufmann said, "I don't need to work just like everyone else."
When asked how people make money to keep their time, 燢aufmann said that society should not be ruled by money. In many science fiction scenes, they have no money. "You see ant colonies or other animals, and they have no cash," Kaufmann said.
In addition, if humans can continue to use smart machines, humans will accelerate development and it will produce new species. "Artificial intelligence is the ultimate tool for human progress," Kaufmann said firmly.
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