Hydrogen fuel vehicle refers to the raw material that uses "hydrogen" as the main energy to power the automobile motor. The principle of the hydrogen fuel cell is to input hydrogen into the fuel cell. The electrons of the hydrogen atom are blocked by the proton exchange membrane and are conducted from the negative electrode through the external circuit. The positive electrode becomes an electric energy driven motor; protons can be discharged through a proton exchange membrane and oxidized into a pure water mist.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle application prospectsThe advantages of hydrogen fuel cells are unimaginable. If pure hydrogen is used, its production products are only water, pollution-free, noise-free, high efficiency, and good responsiveness. Hydrogen fuel cells can be used as a green power source for automobiles not only in automobiles, but also as a large-scale hydrogen fuel power station in the industry. The future is self-evident. The fuel cell in the entire hydrogen energy system technology is played by the famous Canadian scientist Scott as the "chip" of the energy system, which plays an important role in the energy supply. It extends to the entire national economy and social development, as well as the people. Life plays an indispensable role.
As one of the main energy sources for power supply in the future, hydrogen energy has many advantages. First, it is clean and hygienic. The product after hydrogen combustion is water, which will not pollute the environment. Secondly, hydrogen is higher than the calorific value of gasoline when burning. Hydrogen is Renewable energy, and can be extracted from many substances in the world.
Mass production of hydrogen fuel cell vehiclesAs early as February 26, 2013, Hyundai ix35 FCV, the world's first production hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, was launched in South Korea.
Toyota Mirai is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle that was officially launched in Japan on December 15, 2014.
Clarity is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle launched in 2015 by Honda. In December 2016, Honda began to deliver the first Clarity 2017 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to the average consumer.
Taking modern ix35FCV as an example to analyze the principle of hydrogen fuel cell vehicleWhat is a hydrogen fuel cell?
As the name implies, a hydrogen fuel cell is a battery that uses hydrogen as a raw material. The basic principle is the reverse reaction of electrolyzed water, which supplies hydrogen and oxygen to the cathode and the anode respectively. After the hydrogen diffuses through the cathode and reacts with the electrolyte, the emitted electrons reach the anode through an external load, thereby generating electric energy.
For students whose chemistry is taught by a Chinese teacher, it can be simply understood that the combination of hydrogen and oxygen produces electricity and water, in which electricity is output for use by the vehicle and water is discharged outside the vehicle.
In fact, a hydrogen fuel cell is essentially a generator, but the raw material used is hydrogen. In fact, as early as the 1960s, hydrogen fuel cells have been successfully used in the aerospace field. Hydrogen fuel cells are used in the Apollo spacecraft between space and the Earth. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cells are not products that have been available in recent years, but they have only been used in automobiles in recent years.
There are two main advantages of hydrogen fuel cells. The first is that the waste generated by its power generation is water, which will not pollute the outside world. The second is that hydrogen fuel cells directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and energy conversion efficiency. Higher than the fuel engine.
Ix35 FCV structure analysisAlthough the appearance of the ix35 FCV is not much different from that of the ordinary ix35, the internal structure of the body is different from that of the ordinary fuel version of the ix35.
The ix35 FCV body can be divided into three parts, the rear hydrogen storage area, the central battery and inverter, the front fuel cell and the powertrain.
In the rear hydrogen storage area, there are two hydrogen storage tanks connected to each other. The shell is made of carbon fiber and aluminum. It takes into account the light weight and structural strength. The internal hydrogen pressure is 70Mpa, and after conversion, it is 10kg. pressure. Two hydrogen storage tanks can load a total of 5.64 kg of liquid hydrogen.
There is a high-voltage battery pack at the bottom of the vehicle, and an inverter between the high-voltage electromagnetic unit and the front fuel cell and the powertrain. The power of the high-voltage battery pack is 24kwh, and the battery pack is placed on the bottom of the vehicle body on the one hand to take into consideration the space; on the other hand, the weight distribution of the whole vehicle is taken into consideration. Of course, considering the actual use environment, the battery pack and the inverter are wrapped by a waterproof case.
In front of the vehicle is the fuel cell and powertrain. The fuel cell and the motor that drives the vehicle are all placed here. It can be seen that the total achievement is placed in the original ix35 engine position, which facilitates the mass production of the vehicle in the future. The fuel cell and powertrain will be analyzed in detail below.
How ix35 FCV worksI believe that after reading the above analysis, many friends can tell the working principle of ix35 FCV. That is, hydrogen and oxygen react to generate electricity, and then electrically drive the vehicle forward. That's right, it's really like working in this way, but if it's really so simple, a certain Yadi will not be put into production immediately.
The ix35 FCV's fuel power system (BOP) is divided into three main areas: Thermal Management System (TMS), Air Treatment System (APS), and Fuel Processing System (FPS).
Since the ix35 FCV is parsed, the contrast with the Toyota mirai is a topic that cannot be avoided. Let's take a look at the comparison of the parameters of the two cars.
Compared with the two car parameters, Toyota clearly has an advantage. The ix35 FCV is in a disadvantage in terms of power or battery life. It seems that modernization needs more investment improvement.
In addition, Toyota knows that it is not the world's first mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, so Toyota changed the way to package mirai, saying that mirai is the world's first fuel cell vehicle that is truly commercialized for mass sales, but This is actually the case.
Toyota has set the price of mirai to 7.236 million yen (about 374,000 yuan, including tax), and the Japanese government has subsidies. The actual price after subsidies is 5.2 million yen (about 269,000 yuan). In February 2015, under the pressure of Toyota Mirai, Hyundai Motor announced that it would reduce the price of its Tucson fuel cell vehicle (Smecta's Tucson, also known as China's ix35) in South Korea, from the current 150 million won to 85 million won. (about RMB 480,000), the price is reduced by 43%. But even the price of RMB 480,000 is 28% more expensive than Toyota's mirai.
In the past, Smecta planned to skip the hybridization of fuel and electricity and directly develop fuel cells. In one fell swoop, it surpassed the island nation. As a result, R&D was developed, but Toyota was caught up by the late 2 years. It is estimated that Smecta’s heart is dead. .
to sum up
For the ix35 FCV, it is possible to fill up the hydrogen fuel in 10 minutes and then exercise up to 415km. Although this data is a little different from the ordinary fuel car, it is already very good compared to the electric car. Of course, the key to the popularity of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the popularity of hydrogen refueling stations and the sales price of actual terminals.
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