In the past, when purchasing computer parts, the power supply was one of the most easily overlooked components, but its voltage output specifications, voltage stability, and protection against abnormality were quite important because of the accessories in the mainframe. The power required is supplied by the power supply. At the same time, the output load is adjusted with the power consumption of each hardware under different states, and the stability of the long-time operation and the full-load output must be taken into consideration, and the power supply may be faulty or load. In case of abnormality, the protection system must be immediately involved to avoid damage caused by overvoltage/current. For the global energy shortage, the new power supply has begun to improve the conversion efficiency in addition to the above characteristics. For example, 80PLUS represents the power supply through high efficiency. One of the certification marks.
The common function of the computer power supply is to convert the input AC mains (AC110V/220V) into various low-voltage DCs required by each hardware through the isolated switching step-down circuit: 3.3V, 5V, 12V, -12V and Provides 5V Standby (5VSB) for standby when the computer is turned off. Therefore, the power supply has both high-voltage, high-power components and low-power components for handling low-voltage and control signals.
The power conversion process is AC input → EMI filter circuit → rectifier circuit → power factor correction circuit (active or passive PFC) → power stage primary side (high voltage side) switching circuit is converted into pulse flow → main transformer → power level secondary side ( Low-voltage side) rectifier circuit → voltage adjustment circuit (such as magnetic amplifier circuit or DC-DC converter circuit) → filter (smooth output ripple, composed of inductor and capacitor) circuit → power management circuit monitor output.
The following is a description of the common components of the EMI filter circuit at the AC input.
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