1. Construction cut
Excavation on the construction site, digging drainage ditch after the rain, municipal greening, and excavation of the heating natural gas pipeline are the main causes of excavation. To deal with the failure of such construction excavation, the OTDR is used to test the fiber optic cable in two directions after reaching the site. The failure points are two. Leads, rods, pipelines, and inflection points within a range of 1 kilometer should be focused on to prevent other breakpoints and defects.
Whether or not it can reach the fault site at the first time is an important factor in ensuring the duration of fault repairs. After the optical cable is cut off, once it is backfilled by the construction party, it will cause great difficulties in repairing the fault.
The surrounding pipe wells were buried or the pipelines were damaged. The temporary routing of fiber optic cables was repaired on the spot at the first time. The situation on the site is complex. If it is not possible to determine which plan is fast and effective, in the case of ample site personnel, multiple plans will be implemented simultaneously. The completion of the preparation of excavating tools such as shovels and acacias is also one of the key factors that restrict repair time. To avoid creating new points of failure, do not use mechanical excavation as much as possible.
After the completion of the fault treatment, marking markers should be set at the excavation site to protect the cable connector box. No temporary security route relocation, personnel need to be placed on the spot.
2. Vehicle hang up
If the fault point is a crossroad, the emergency personnel shall set up a warning sign after reaching the site and designate someone to direct the traffic to protect the safety of the repair personnel during the repair process and prevent the secondary interruption of the optical cable during the repair process.
When handling the cable breakup fault, the OTDR should be tested in both directions at the fault point optical fiber cable. Look at the rods at the two ends of the breakpoint at 3-5 rods, at the joint box, at the reserve, etc., to see if there is any fiber cable. Inflict damage to see if there are other damage points, and then deal with it in a targeted manner.
When the vehicle hangs up, repair the struts and ladders and temporarily prop up the cross-road optical fiber cable. After the repair is completed, the crossroads should be elevated to replace the high and hang cross-signage signs.
3. Fire
Fiber-optic cable failures caused by fires do not generally result in service interruptions at the same time. Core-by-core interrupts are typical features of fire failures. After the rescue personnel arrived at the scene, they first learned about the situation on the site, first extinguished the fire, and protected the damaged optical cable. Regardless of overhead or pipeline fire, usually multiple optical cables melted and bonded together. The identification of optical cables is a difficult point for fault repair. When you reach the fault site, do not rush to cut the cable reinforcement core, especially not to cut multiple fiber cable reinforcement cores at the same time. When cutting, it is necessary to mark both ends of the fire so that it is not necessary to pick up the wrong cable when repairing.
Such failures ensure that all high-temperature damaged cable sections are cut off and then welded to avoid re-working of the damaged cable after the start of welding.
4. Break the pole
As the traffic construction vehicle broke the pole, the cable was interrupted. After arriving at the scene, a warning sign should be set up to designate a safety zone for emergency repairs. Special persons should be assigned to command pedestrians from both places. During the repairs, two-way tests should be performed on the optical cable to see if there are any other breakpoints. Replace the broken poles as soon as possible after the repair is completed. , And brush warning paint.
When such failures are repaired, the OTDR should be used to perform bidirectional testing. Look at the rods at the two ends of the breakpoint in the range of 3-5 rods, joint boxes, and reserved areas to see if there are any fiber cable damages. There is no other damage point, and then dealt with in a targeted manner.
5. Theft and vandalism
Criminals steal or maliciously destroy optical cables, causing the cable to block. After this type of failure occurs, the fiber optic cable should be tested in both directions. The failure caused by the stealing generally occurs in remote areas, and the cut points are more and easier to find. Remember to check if there are other breakpoints around the repair. The welding is started again, and the optical fiber is laid in one step, so as to avoid the break point after the completion of the welding.
The focus of man-made failure investigation and troubleshooting is on the location of the optical cable route that is easy to touch. Because some of the destroyed optical fiber cable is only part of the core interrupted, it is difficult to locate the fault point in a short time. When such a fault is encountered along the inspection line, the key Arrange the on-site personnel to use the OTDR to locate the position of the feeder cable through the feeder cable, determine the position of the feeder cable before and after the fault point (within 100m), and deploy the optical cable to replace the cutover immediately. Whether it is stealing or man-made destruction, it must be the first time the police.
6. Dog bites, rat bites, beaks, gunshots, etc.
Such failures are small-probability events. Strengthening day-to-day inspections and fiber optic cable protection can prevent such failures. The early stage of such failures is mostly single-core, and in the case of less impacted services, priority is given to the recovery of services after the jump core, and the fault point is located. Because the fault location is difficult, the optical fiber cable is generally repaired by replacing the cutover cable.
7. Core aging and natural fracture
Because the optical fiber is drawn from glass or plastic fiber, it is relatively fragile. Theoretically, static fatigue will occur over time, and the optical fiber will gradually age and cause natural fiber breakage. In the actual use of optical fiber cable, the cable life is less than 15 years, so the probability that the fiber core is aged and fractured naturally is low. The main reasons for such failures are damage to the external force of the optical cable, irregular packaging of the joint box, unqualified fusion fiber, poor welding quality, and other reasons.
In the event of a failure, the recovery of the jump core is the main method, and the optical fiber cable is repaired by replacing (repairing) the cutover.
8. Natural disasters
On the premise of guaranteeing personal safety, repairs are completed in the shortest possible time. In the case of large-scale natural disasters, it is highly probable that the communication of large-scale mobile phones will be interrupted, and emergency repair personnel should configure their intercoms or multi-operator mobile phones to ensure unimpeded communication during repairs.
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