The guide highlights the critical role of servo motors in robotics, particularly within the execution units of robots. As one of the primary factors influencing robotic performance, the servo motor remains a significant challenge for China’s robotics industry. The “Made in China 2025†initiative has set a target for robotic servo motors: by 2020, their performance, accuracy, and reliability should reach parity with similar foreign products.
In the control system, the servo motor serves as an actuator. Together with the servo drive and command mechanism, these form the three core components of a robot. The servo motor acts as the actuator, relying on it to execute movements. The servo drive powers the motor, while the command mechanism provides pulses or speed commands to work alongside the drive.
In 2015, China's robotic servo system market size was approximately 1.06 billion yuan. By 2020, this figure is expected to grow to 4.7 billion yuan, representing a compound annual growth rate of around 35% over the next five years.
The image below illustrates the importance of the servo motor in domestic robotics:
Both domestic and international servo system manufacturers view the robotics market as a pivotal area for future development. Typically installed at the robot's joints, the servo system is indispensable for joint movement. The more joints a robot has, the greater its flexibility and precision, necessitating more servo motors.
Global demand for robots is rising, with China emerging as the fastest-growing robotics market. From 2013 to 2016, China became the world’s largest consumer of industrial robots for three consecutive years. IDC forecasts that by 2020, the Chinese robotics market will reach $59.4 billion, accounting for over 30% of the global market. This vast potential market space is driving immense demand for servo motors.
### Challenges Faced by Robot Servo Motors
Servo motors are often connected to terminal actuators in automated systems and thus serve as motors. In the servo system, the servo motor functions to convert the pulse signals from the servo controller into rotational angular displacement and velocity.
Servo motors fall into two broad categories: DC and AC servo motors. Compared to regular motors, their key feature is the integration with feedback devices to enable precise control.
Classification of Servo Motors:
To enhance industrial production flexibility, robots are becoming lighter and more agile. High-density servo motors are essential for maintaining the dynamic and precise movements of robots. In finishing operations, robots require the same dexterity as human hands. Motors must deliver high performance in compact sizes, improving both production quality and efficiency while ensuring operator safety. In the medical robotics sector, motor stability and reliability are paramount to assist patients in recovery.
Key Requirements for Robotic Servo Motors:
1. **Rapid Response**: The motor must transition quickly from receiving a command signal to achieving the required operational state. A shorter response time indicates higher sensitivity and better fast-response capabilities. The servo motor's performance is typically measured by its electromechanical time constant.
2. **High Starting Torque**: The starting torque must exceed the inertia ratio. For robots, the servo motor's starting torque should be robust enough to handle the load while maintaining minimal inertia.
3. **Continuous and Linear Control Characteristics**: As control signals vary, the motor's speed should adjust smoothly and proportionally to the signal.
4. **Compact Size**: To fit the robot’s form, the servo motor must be small, lightweight, and have a short axial length.
5. **Tough Operating Conditions**: The motor must endure frequent forward and reverse motions, acceleration/deceleration cycles, and short-term overload situations. AC servo drives are widely adopted in industrial robots due to their high torque-to-inertia ratio, brushless design, and lack of commutating sparks.
With these demands, servo motors play a crucial role in shaping the future of robotics technology.
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