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From | AlphaBeta & ABC
Compilation | NetEase See-Out Intelligent Compilation Platform
Review | Ecale
A newly published analysis shows that male occupations are more easily replaced by automation than female occupations. Part of the reason is that women are more engaged in work related to interpersonal communication, creativity, and the ability to make decisions.
According to a report from consulting firm Alpha Beta, in Australia, by 2030, for the most repetitive tasks, there will be two and a half hours per week of work done by machines.
A news survey by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) shows that jobs that are most easily replaced by automation are those that men are engaged in, and that the income from such jobs is usually low.
The confrontation between humans and machines: What jobs are most easily replaced?
Click this image to view HD artwork
Note: Green - easily replaced by automation, mainly by men; blue - easily replaced by automation, mainly by women; pink - not easily replaced by automation, mainly by men; orange - not easily replaced by automation, mainly by women Engaged.
From the above figure, it can be seen that jobs that are more easily replaced by automation appear on the right side, and jobs with a higher percentage of male employees are more easily replaced.
In comparison, almost all work done by a large number of women is not so easily affected by automation. This includes midwives, nurses and hairdressers. These jobs are represented by orange circles in the chart.
Only five categories of female practitioners account for the majority of jobs in the picture, and more than 50% of their working hours may be replaced by automation. The blue dots in the figure represent these positions, including:
Food preparer
Cleaning workers;
Garment processing;
receptionist;
Keyboard operator.
Those who spend a lot of physical strength are more susceptible to automation technology, including painters and painters. These positions are concentrated in the upper right part of the chart and are indicated by green dots, of which men dominate in these positions.
From a pure data point of view:
More than half of the approximately 2 million Australian men working in the workplace may be replaced by automation.
In contrast, about 750,000 women are employed in such risk occupations.
According to Alpha Beta, 86% of the jobs in the construction and mining industry can be replaced by automation, which is the highest in all jobs. The proportion of men who work in these jobs is 98%.
In the Pilbara region of Western Australia, the mines of the Rio Tinto Mining Group have begun to automate operations. There, a remotely controlled large-scale drill drilled for iron ore was later taken away by drone trucks, and truck controllers were in Perth, 1000 kilometers away.
Why is it that women’s occupations are more difficult to automate?
Professor Hugh Durrant-Whyte of the Transformable Data Science Center (CTDS) at the University of Sydney explained that women’s careers often require strong social identity, interpersonal skills, and creativity.
He said that these occupations include nannies, receptionists, midwives, nurses and hairdressers, and these occupations are difficult to automate.
The work done by women is not easily replaced by automation technology:
Click this image to view HD artwork
As can be seen from the chart above, in the top 10 occupations where female practitioners account for the largest proportion, only over 50% of jobs in the keyboard operator profession can be replaced by automation. In addition, in the top ten occupations dominated by males, occupations that can replace less than half of the work content by automation are only electricians and electronic communication workers.
But there are exceptions:
Cleaners and laundry work are the jobs that are most easily replaced by automation in all jobs, and women account for 60%.
More than 90% of engineering work is done by men, and only one-tenth of these jobs are considered to be replaced by automation.
Low-paying jobs are most easily replaced by automation
AlphaBeta's data also shows that low-paying jobs are more susceptible to automation.
The chart below shows that almost all high-income jobs (ie, weekly pay of $1800 or more) can be replaced by automation. This work is represented by pink dots in the figure.
Click this image to view HD artwork
Note: Blue - easily replaced by automation, higher salaries; orange - easily replaced by automation, lower salaries; green - not easily replaced by automation, lower salaries; pink - not easily replaced by automation, higher salaries.
From the above figure, the jobs and cleaners on the production line are the ones with the lowest wages, and about three quarters of the jobs may be replaced by automation technology (orange dots).
On the other hand, only 20% of the jobs of managers, CEOs and doctors can be replaced by automation, but these jobs are the highest-paid jobs in Australia (pink dots).
There are exceptions, however, where jobs that are difficult to replace with automation have very low pay, such as nannies and drivers (green dots).
Professor Durrant-Whyte said that the risks we face are those jobs that are not easily replaced by automation, and that their pay will also be low. "In the future, there will be more and more people engaged in services, individual business, odd jobs or remote jobs." Therefore, the unemployment rate will not change, but the income gap between professional and technical workers and ordinary workers will increase. The issue of social polarization will once again become prominent.
He said that because automation technology is forcing people to shift to careers above or below their skill levels, the job market is facing a "cavitation" phenomenon. "The occupations that remain in the middle, that is, the middle class and middle management positions in the traditional sense, are also disappearing."
Middle-class positions also face threats
The data shows that one-third of the work of accountants, insurance company employees, insurance actuaries and librarians can be replaced by automation. Prof. Durrant-Whyte said that one of the challenges currently faced is how to manage those people who have a university degree but do not work commensurate with their level of education. They are engaged in this type of work because of the jobs traditionally performed by them. The position is disappearing.
"This technology (AI) is becoming a social issue. Although the discussion on the number of people with a population greater than the number of jobs has been going on for 50 years, there is still a contradiction between the current social norms and the development prospects of (automation technology)."
The artificial intelligence robot Ailira can scan millions of pages of tax laws and related documents in seconds. The machine was developed by Adelaide's tax lawyer, Adrian, and arland.
Ailira is an acronym for the Artificial Intelligence Legal Information Resource Assistant. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation asked Ailira to compete with Christine 燤aibom, a 22-year-old full-time paralegal.
In just 30 seconds, Ailira answered the legal issues mentioned in the contest. While Maibom was still retrieving those tax laws, she estimated that it would take an hour to complete this task.
AlphaBeta's analysis shows that almost 30% of the “wordwork and administration†categories of work can be replaced by automation.
Alpha Beta’s economist and chief executive, Andrew Perron, said: “The trend of replacing technology with automation now affects white-collar workers in the service industry, and the impact is spreading to middle- and high-income industries.â€
"This is the difference between the automation technology today (which has had its impact in the past)."
Data Notes:
Google commissioned strategy consulting firm AlphaBeta to compile this report, which counts the time when nearly 100 jobs in Australia can be replaced by automation technology.
The calculation results show that the three types of tasks are difficult to replace by automation: interpersonal communication work, creative work, decision-making and information integration work; and three types of work that are easily replaced by automation: information analysis, non-repeatable manual labor and repetitive manual labor.
The occupations in the statistics are arranged according to the three occupation codes in the Australian and New Zealand Occupational Classification Standards.
The ratio of males and females, as well as the age composition data for all working professionals, was derived from the 2011 census data.
The employment figures for all occupations come from the quarterly labor force data released by the Australian Statistics Department in May 2017.
The weekly salary data comes from the income and working hours data released by the Australian statistical agency in May 2016. These data represent the average weekly wages of employees in adult, full-time and non-management positions (excluding overtime pay).
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