In 2007, China went through a massive and unprecedented shift in satellite positioning, often referred to as a "revolutionary star adjustment." During this process, our county cultivated numerous semi-transited "stars." In the following years, people began asking questions like, "Where is a specific satellite, and why can't I find it even after turning 360 degrees?" To address these concerns, the author has simplified the approach by avoiding complex mathematical formulas and unrealistic tools like protractors. Instead, using a compass, the article provides an easy-to-understand method for quickly determining the general direction of a satellite dish, making it especially helpful for beginners.
The position of a satellite relative to Earth plays a crucial role in understanding how to align the receiving antenna. Satellites are positioned above the Earth’s equator at an altitude of approximately 36,000 kilometers. These satellites remain stationary relative to a fixed point on Earth because their orbital speed matches the Earth's rotation. This type of satellite is also known as a geosynchronous satellite. The satellite’s longitude refers to the degree of the Earth's meridian directly beneath it—essentially, it's located above the intersection of the equator and its corresponding longitude line.
When it comes to determining the north-south orientation of the satellite receiving antenna, it's important to note that China lies in the northern hemisphere, south of the equator. Therefore, all geosynchronous satellites appear in the southern sky, meaning the antenna should be pointed toward the south.
For the east-west orientation, the key is to understand the relationship between the satellite's longitude and your location’s longitude. The Earth is divided into 360 degrees along the meridians, with 0° and 180° dividing the globe into two hemispheres. Since China is in the eastern hemisphere, longitudes increase from west to east, ranging from 0° to 180° east. If the satellite’s longitude matches your location’s longitude, the antenna should face directly south. If the satellite’s longitude is greater than your location’s, the antenna should be angled eastward; if it's less, then westward. For example, if you're in Maitreya County, Yunnan (approximately 103°E), and you're trying to receive a signal from a satellite at 92.2°E, the antenna should point west. Conversely, if the satellite is at 115.5°E, the antenna should be adjusted eastward.
Regarding the elevation angle, when the satellite’s longitude matches your location’s, the elevation is at its highest. As the difference between the satellite’s and your longitude increases, the elevation angle decreases, regardless of whether it's east or west. By applying these simple rules, you can roughly determine the direction of the satellite dish. Once the receiver settings are correctly configured, fine-tuning the antenna should allow you to successfully receive satellite TV broadcasts.
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