Electromagnetic relays come in various types and serve multiple purposes. They can be categorized based on their operating principles, as shown in Table 1-17.
Table 1-17: Classification of Relays Based on the Principle of Action
| Name | Principle of Action | Main Purpose |
|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Voltage Relay | Activates when the voltage in the circuit reaches a specified level | Used for motor protection against loss of voltage, overvoltage, and undervoltage, as well as for braking and reversing control |
| Current Relay | Activates when the current in the circuit reaches a set value | Provides overload and short-circuit protection for motors, and is used in DC motor field control systems or for field loss protection |
| Intermediate Relay| Operates similarly to a voltage relay | Used to transmit and amplify signals, or to send signals to multiple control components |
| Time Relay | Uses electromagnetic damping, air damping, or electronic circuits to delay the contact action | Applied in time-based starting of wound rotor motors, resistance acceleration relays for cage asynchronous motors, Y-â–³ starting, energy consumption braking, and control of production processes |
| Self-locking Relay| Mechanical self-locking relays use physical locking; magnetic ones use current pulses to switch | Acts as a memory element in automatic control systems |
Relays are essential components in electrical and automation systems. Each type serves a specific function, ensuring safe and efficient operation of equipment. Understanding the different types helps engineers choose the right relay for their application. Whether it's for protection, timing, or signal processing, relays play a crucial role in modern industrial and domestic settings. Their versatility makes them indispensable in a wide range of applications.
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